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by SLS, averaged over the transponder population;
{ ] see 4.2.3.3.3
Pa(k)
k
kt
n,
Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications Volume IV
Note.- RA and ACAS broadcasts (4.3.6.2.1 and 4.3.7.1.2.4) are interrogations.
4.3.2.2.2.2.1 Transnzissions during RAs, All air-to-air coordination interrogations and RA and ACAS broadcasts shall
be transmitted at full power and these interrogations shall be excluded from the summations of Mode S interrogations in
the left-hand terms of inequalities (1) and (2) in 4.3.2.2.2.2 for the duration of the RA.
4.3.2.2.2.2.2 Transmissions from ACAS units on the ground. Whenever the ACAS aircraft indicates that it is on the
ground, ACAS interrogations shall be limited by setting the number of other ACAS II and III aircraft (no) count in the
interference limiting inequalities to a value that is three times the value obtained based on ACAS broadcasts received with
a transponder receiver threshold of -74 dBm. Whcnever Mode AIC interrogation power is reduced because of interference
limiting, the Mode A/C interrogation power in the forward beam shall be reduced first until the forward sequence matches
the right and left sequences. The forward, right and left interrogation powers shall then sequentially be reduced until they
match the rear interrogation power. Further reduction of Mode AIC power shall be accomplished by sequentially reducing
the forward, side and rear interrogation powers.
4.3.2.2.2.2.3 Transmissions from ACAS units above 5 490 m (18 000fr) altitude. Each ACAS interrogator operating
above a pressure altitude of 5 490 m (18 000 ft) shall control its interrogation rate or power or both such that inequalities
(1) and (3) in 4.3.2.2.2.2 remain true when n, and cr. are equal to 1, except as provided in 4.3.2.2.2.2.1.
4.3.3 Traffic advisories (TAs)
4.3.3.1 TA function. ACAS shall provide TAs to alert the flight crew to potential threats. Such TAs shall be
accompanied by an indication of the approximate relative position of potential threats.
4.3.3.2 PROXIMATE TRAFFIC DISPLAY
Recommendation.- While any RA andor TA are displayed, proximate trafzc within I I km (6 NM) range and, if
altitude reporting, +370 m (I 200 ft) altitude should be displayed. This proximate trafzc should be distinguished (e.g. by
colotir or symbol type) fmm threats and potential threats, which should be more prominently displayed.
4.3.3.3 TAs as RA precursors. The criteria for TAs shall be such that they arc satisfied before those for an M.
4.3.3.3.1 TA warning rime. For intruders reporting altitude, the nominal TA warning time shall not be greater than
(Tt20 s) where T is the nominal warning time for the generation of the resolution advisory.
Note.- Ideally, RAs would always be preceded by a TA but this is not always possible, e.g. the RA criteria might be
already satisfied when a track is first established, or a sudden and sharp manoeuvre by the intruder could cause the TA
lead time to be less than a cycle.
4.3.4 Threat detection
4.3.4.1 Declaration of threat. ACAS shall evaluate appropriate characteristics of each intruder to determine whether
or not il is a thrcat.
4.3.4.1.1 Intruder chnracteristics. As a minimum, the characteristics of an intruder that are used to identify a threat
shall include:
a) tracked altitude;
b) tracked rate of changc of altitudc;
c) tracked slant range;
Chapter 4 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecorn~nunicatiolzs
d) tracked rate of change of slant range; and
e) sensitivity level of intruder's ACAS, Si.
For an intruder not equipped with ACAS II or ACAS In, Si shall be set to 1.
4.3.4.1.2 Own aircraft characteristics. As a minimum, the characteristics of own aircraft that are used to identify a
threat shall include:
a) altitude;
b) rate of change of altitude; and
c) sensitivity level of own ACAS (4.3.4.3).
4.3.4.2 Sensitivity levels. ACAS shall be capable of operating at any of a number of sensitivity levels. These shall
include:
a) S = 1, a "standby" mode in which the interrogation of other aircraft and all advisories are inhibited;
b) S = 2, a 'TA only" mode in which RAs are inhibited; and
c) S = 3-7, further levels that enable the issue of RAs that provide the warning times indicated in Table 4-2 as well as
TAs.
4.3.4.3 Selection of own sensitivity level (S,). The selection of own ACAS sensitivity level shall bc determined by
sensitivity level control (SLC) commands which shall be accepted from a number of sources as follows:
a) SLC command generated automatically by ACAS based on altitude band or other external factors;
b) SLC command from pilvt input; arid
c) SLC command from Mode S ground stations.
4.3.4.3.1 Permitted SLC command codes. As a minimum, the acceptable SLC command codes shall include:
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