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delay needed to carry out the protocols. Dzfferent values for this delay are assigned for Modes A and C, for Mode S and
for Modes A/C/S all-call replies.
3.1.2.10.3.8.1 Reply delay and jitter for Modes A and C. The reply delay and jitter for Modes A and C transactions
shall be as prescribed in 3.1.1.7.10.
3.1.2.10.3.8.2 Reply delay and jitter for Mode S. For all input signal levels between MTL and -21 dBm, the leading
edge of the first preamble pulse of the reply (3.1.2.2.5.1.1) shall occur 128 plus or minus 0.25 microsecond after the sync
phase reversal (3.1.2.1.5.2.2) of the received P6. The jitter of the reply delay shall not exceed 0.08 microsecond, peak (99.9
percentile).
3.1.2.10.3.8.3 Reply delay and jitter for Modes A/C/S all call. For all input signal levels between MTL +3 dB and -
21 dBm the leading edge of the first preamble pulse of the reply (3.1.2.2.5.1.1) shall occur 128 plus or minus 0.5
microseconds after the leading edge of the P4 pulse of the interrogation (3.1.2.1.5.1.1). Jitter shall not exceed 0.1
microsecond, peak (99.9 percelltile).
Note.- A peak jitter of 0.1 microsecond is consistent with the jitter prescribed in 3.1.1.7.10.
3.1.2.10.3.9 Emers. Duration and features of timers shall be as shown in Table 3-8.
All rimers shall be capable of being restarted. On receipt of any start command, they shall run for their specified times.
This shall occur regardless of whether they are in the running or the non-running state at the time that the start command
is received. A command to reset a timer shall cause the timer to stop running and to return to its initial state in preparation
for a subsequent start command.
3.1.2.10.3.10 Inhibition of replies. Replies to Mode AICIS all-call and Mode S-only all-call interrogations shall
always be inhibited when the aircraft declares the on-the-ground state. It shall not be possible to inhibit replies to discretely
addressed Mode S interrogations regardless of whcther the aircraft is airborne or on the ground.
3.1.2.10.3.10.1 Recommendation.- Aircraft should provide means to determine the on-the-ground state
automatically and provide that information to the transponder:
3.1.2.10.3.10.2 Recommendation.- Mode A/C replies should be inhibited when the aircraft is on the ground to
prevent interference when in close proximity to an interrogator or other aircraft.
Note.- Mode S discretely addressed interrogations do not give rise to such intelference and may be required for data
link communications with aircraft on the airport sugace. Acquisition squitter transmissions may be used for passive
surveillance of aircrat on the ailport surface.
Table 3-8. Timer characteristics
Timer Duration Tolerance
Name Number Reference Syrr~bol s s Resettable
- ~ -
Non-selective lock-out 1 3.1.2.6.9.2 =D 18 +1 no
Temporary alert 1 3.1.2.6.10.1.1.2 TC 18 21 no
SPI 1 3.1.2.6.10.1.3 TI 18 ?1 no
Reservations B, C, D 3* 3.1.2.6.1 1.3.1 TR 18 21 Yes
Multisite lockout 78 3.1.2.6.9.1 TL 18 *I no
* As required
Chapter 3 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
3.1.2.10.3.10.3 Inhibition of squitter transmissions. It shall not be possible to inhibit extended srluiuer transmissions
except as specified in 3.1.2.8.6 or acquisition squitter transmissions except as specified in 3.1.2.8.5 regardless of whether
the aircraft is airborne or on the ground.
Note.- For additional information on squitter inhibition see the Manual of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)
Systems (Doc 9684).
3.1.2.10.4 Transponder antenna system and diversity operation. Mode S transponders equipped for diversity operalion
shall have two RF ports for operation with two antennas, one antenna on the top and the other on the bottom of the
aircraft's fuselage. The received signal from one of the antennas shall be selected for acceptance and the reply shall be
transmitted from the selected antenna only.
3.1.2.10.4.1 Radiation pattern. The radiation pattern of Mode S antennas when inslalled on an aircraft shall be
nominally equivalent to that of a quarter-wave monopole on a ground plane.
Note.- Transponder antennas designed to increase gain at the expense of vertical beamwidth are undesirable because
of their- poor performance during tunts.
3.1.2.10.4.2 Antenna location. The top and bottom antennas shall be mounted as near as possible to the centre
line of the fuselage. Antennas shall be located so as to minimize obstruction to their fields in the horizontal plane.
3.1.2.10.4.2.1 Recommendation.- The horizontal distance between the top and bottom antennas should not be
greater than 7.6 m (25 ft).
Note.- This recommendation is intended to support the operation of any diversity transponder (including cables) with
any diversity antenna installation and still satisfy the requirement of 3.1.2.10.4.5.
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