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one second interval and shall be capable of accepting at least two complete sixteen segment uplink ELMs with the same
Jl code in a 250 millisecond interval. A level 4 transponder shall be able to transmit at least one four-segment downlink
ELM (3.1.2.7.7 and 3.1.2.10.3.7.3) in any one second interval. A level 5 transponder shall be able ro transmit at least one
sixteen segment downlink ELM in any one second interval.
3.1.2.10.5.2.2.2.1 Recommendation.- Level 3 and level 4 transponders should be able to accept at leart two
complete sixteen segment uplink ELMs in a 250 millisecond interval.
3.1.2.10.5.2.3 Data formats for downlink aircruf? parameter (DAP) standard length transactions. The downlink
standard length transaction interface is used to deliver downlink aircraft parameters (DAPs) to the transponder which
makes them available to the ground. Each DAP is packed into the Comm-B format ('MB' field) and can be extracted using
either the ground-initiated Comm-B (GICB) protocol, or using MSP downlink channel 3 via the dataflash application (as
defined in Annex 10, Volume III, Part I, Appendix 1 to Chapter 5). The formats and update rates of each register used to
support DAPs (BDS 1,7; BDS 1,8 to 1,C; BDS l,D to 1,F; BDS 4,O; BDS 5,O; BDS 6,O) shall be as defined in Annex 10,
Volume UI, Par1 I, Appendix 1 to Chapter 5.
Note.- Guidance material on tmnsponder register formats and data sources is included in the Manual on Mode S
Specific Services (Doc 9688).
3.1.2.10.5.3 Integrity of data content transfer: A transponder which employs data interfaces shall include sufficient
protection to ensure error rates of less than one error in lo3 messages and less than one undetected error in lo7 112-bit
transmissions in both directions between the antenna and each interface port.
3.1.2.10.5.4 Message cancellation. The downlink standard length transaction interface and the extended length
messagc interface shall include the capability to cancel a message sent to the transponder for delivery to the ground, but
whose delivery cycle has not been completed (i.e. a closeout has not been accomplished by a ground interrogator).
Note.- One example of the need for this capability is to cancel a message i f d e l i v e ~is attempted when the aircraft
is not withzn coverage of a Mode S ground station. The message must then be cancelled to prevent it from being read and
interpreted as o current message when the aircraft re-enters Mode S nirspace.
3.1.2.10.5.5 Air-directed messages. The transfer of this type of message requires all of the actions indicated in
3.1.2.10.5.4 plus the transfer to the transponder of the interrogator identifier of the site that is to receive the message.
3.1.2.11 ESSENTIAL SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROUND INTERROGATOR
Note.- To ensure that Mode S interrogator action is not detrimental to Mode AK interrogators, pedormance limits
exist for Mode S interrogators.
3.1.2.1 1.1 Interrogation repetition rates. Mode S interrogators shall use the lowest practicable interrogation repetition
rates for all interrogation modes.
N o t e . Accurate azimuth data at low interrogation rates can be obtained with monopulse techniques.
3.1.2.1 1.1.1 All-call interrogation repetition rate. The interrogation repetition rate for the Mode AICIS all-call, used
for acquisition, shall be less than 250 per second. This rate shall also apply to the paired Mode S-only and Mode AIConly
all-call interrogations used for acquisition in the multisite mode.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
3.1.2.11.1.2 Interrogation repetition rate to a sin.gle aircraft
3.1.2.1 1.1.2.1 Interrogations requiring a reply. Mode S inlerrogations requiring a reply shall not be transmitled to a
single aircraft a1 intervals shorter than 400 microseconds.
3.1.2.1 1.1.2.2 Uplink ELM interrogations. The minimum time between the beginning of successive Comm-C
interrogations shall be 50 microseconds.
3.1.2.11.1.3 Transmission rate for selective interrogations
3.1.2.1 1.1.3.1 For all Mode S interrogators, the transmission rate for selective interrogations shall be:
a) less than 2 400 per second averaged over a 40-millisecond interval; and
b) less than 480 into any 3-degree sector averaged over a I-second interval.
3.1.2.11.1.3.2 Additionally, for a Mode S interrogator that has overlapping coverage with the sidelobes of any other
Mode S interrogator, the transmission rate for selective interrogations shall be:
a) less than 1 200 per second averaged over a 4-second interval; and
b) less than 1 800 per second averaged over a 1-second interval.
Note.- Typical minimum distance to ensure sidelobe separation between interrogators is 35 krn.
Recommendation.- The effective radiated power of all interrogation pulses should be minimized as described in
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