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-21 dBm and the P, pulse of the interfering pair occurs no earlier than the PI pulse of the Mode S signal.
3.1.2.10.1.1.3 Reply ratio in the presence of law level asynchronous interference. For all received signals between -
65 dBm and -21 &m and given a Mode S interrogation that requires a reply according to 3.1.2.4 and if no lockout
condition is in effect, the transponder shall reply correctly with at least 95 per cent reply ratio in the presence of
asynchronous interference. Asynchronous interference shall be taken to be a single Mode A/C interrogation pulse
occumng at all repetition rates up to 10 000 Hz at a level 12 dB or more below the level of the Mode S signal.
Note.- Such pulses may combine with the P, and Pz pulses of the Mode S interrogation to form a valid Mode A/Conly
all-call interrogation. The Mode S transponder does not respond to Mode A/C-only all-call intcrragations. A
preceding pulse may also combine with the P2 of the Mode S interrogation to fonn a valid Mode A or Mode C
interrogation. Howevel; the PI - P, pair of the Mode S preamble takes precedence (3.1.2.4.1.1.1). The Mode S decoding
process is independent of the Mode AModc C decoding process and the Mode S intermgarion is accepted.
3.1.2.10.1.1.4 Spurious response
Recommendation.- The response to signals not within the receiver pass band should be at least 60 dB below n o w 1
sensitivity.
3.1.2.10.2 Transponder peak pulse power The peak power of each pulse of a reply shall:
a) not be less than 18.5 dBW for aircraft not capable of operating at altitudes exceeding 4 570 m (15 000 ft);
b) not be less than 21.0 dBW for aircraft capable of operating above 4 570 m (15 000 ft);
c) not be less than 21.0 dBW for aircraft with maximum cruising speed exceeding 324 kmlh (175 kt); and
d) not exceed 27.0 dBW.
3.1.2.10.2.1 Inactive state transponder output power When the transponder is in the inactive state the peak pulse
power at 1 090 MHz plus dr minus 3 MHz shall not exceed 5 0 dBm. The inactive state is defined to include the entire
period between transmissions less 10-microsecond transition periods preceding the first pulse and following the last pulse
of the transmission.
Note.- Inactive state transponder power is constrained in this way to ensure that an aircraft, when located as near
as 185 m (0.1 NM) to a Mode A/C or Mode S interrogator; does not cause intederence to that installation. In certain
applicatiom of Mode S, airborne collision avoidance for example, where a I 090 MUz transmitter and receiver are in the
same aircraft, it may be necessary to further constrain the inactive state transponder power:
3.1.2.10.2.2 Spurious emission radiation
Recommendation.- CW radiation should not exceed 70 dB below 1 watt.
Annex 10 - Aeronautical TePecommunicaiions Volume ZV
3.1.2.10.3 SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.1.2.10.3.1 Mode S side-lobe suppression
Note.- Side-lobe suppression for Mode S formats occurs when a P5 pulse overlays the location of the sync phase
reversal of P& musing the transponder to fail to recognize the interrogation (3.1.2.4.1.1.3).
Given a Mode S interrogation that requires a reply, the transponder shall:
a) at all signal levels between MTL +3 dB and -21 dBm, have a reply ratio of less than 10 per cent if the received
amplitude of P, exceeds the received amplitude of P6 by 3 dB or more;
b) at all signal levels between MTI, 1-3 dB and -21 dBm, have a reply ratio of at least 99 per cent if the received
amplitude of P6 exceeds the received amplitude of P, by 12 dB or more.
3.1.2.10.3.2 Mode S dead time. Dead time shall be defined as the time interval beginning at the end of a reply
transmission and ending when the transponder has regained sensitivity to within 3 dB of MTL. Mode S transponders shall
not have more than 125 microseconds' dead time.
3.1.2.10.3.3 Mode S receiver desensitization The transponder's receiver shall be desensitized according to 3.1.1.7.7.1
on receipt of any pulse of more than 0.7 microseconds duration.
3.1.2.10.3.3.1 Recovery from desensitization. Recovery from desensitization shall begin at the trailing edge of each
pulse of a received signal and shall occur at the rate prescribed in 3.1.1.7.7.2, provided that no reply or data transfer is
made in response to the received signal.
3.1.2.10.3.1 Recovery after Mode S interrogations that do not elicit replies
3,l.Z. 10.3.4.1 Recovery after n sirtgle Mode S interrogrttion
3.1.2.10.3.4.1.1 The transponder shall recover sensitivity to within 3 dB of MTL no later than 128 microseconds after
receipt of the sync phase reversal following a Mode S interrogation that is not accepted (3.1.2.4.1.2) or that is accepted
but requires no reply.
3.1.2.10.3.4.1.2 Recommendation.- The transponder slzould recover sensitivity to within 3 dB of MTL no later than
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