(b) I/O interface 1, 2 and 3 boards (Ref. Fig. 008) Each of the three interface boards consists of three independent I/O (input/output) interfaces:
-
the discrete I/O interfaces
-
the ARINC I/O interfaces
-
the serial interfaces. The complete management of these interfaces is carried out by the processor logic on each board. The main task of the processor logic is to handle all data passing through these interfaces, relabelling it when necessary and storing it in the COMMON RAM (on the DPU1 (PFD) board). It also fetches data from the COMMON RAM and guides it to external peripherals via these interfaces.
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The general function of all three I/O interface boards is
identical ; each board operating independently due to its own
processor logic.
Each I/O interface board consists of five main logic groups:
-processor logic
-discrete I/O interface logic
-ARINC I/O interface logic
-serial interface logic
-bus logic.
There are two logic bus lines on each board : the CPU-bus-lines
and the I/O-bus-lines. The CPU-DATA-BUS (16-bit, bidirectional,
three-state) and the CPU-ADDRESS-BUS (20-bit, unidirectional,
three-state) provide communication with the CPU in the processor
logic, whereas the I/O-DATA-BUS (16-bit, bidirectional,
three-state) provides communication with the discrete and ARINC
I/O interface logic.
1_ Processor logic
The following functional groups are discussed under this
heading:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- local data RAM, program PROM and relabelling EPROM
- address decoder and DTACK generator
- interrupt logic
- watchdog timer and reset logic
- clock generator.
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I/O Interface Board - Block Diagram
Figure 008
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1
a
_
b
_
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is a 16-bit microprocessor from the MC68020 family.
It is always in one of the following three processing
states:
-normal processing state, which is associated with intruction execution. In this state, the CPU fetches instructions/operands from its program PROM or the COMMON RAM, processes them and stores the final result back in the COMMON RAM. (The COMMON RAM is located on the DPU1 (PFD) board)
-execution processing state, which is associated with interrupts, trap instructions and other exceptional conditions. In this case, a vector number, which is fetched from the program PROM, is fed to the CPU via the CPU-DATA-BUS. The vector number is processed in the CPU and relevant addresses are sent to fetch the necessary instruction from the program PROM. The CPU executes this instruction in order to carry out the necessary is executed by the CPU in order to carry out the necessary
-halted processing state, which is an indication of a catastrophic hardware failure. For example, if during the exception processing of a bus-error another bus-error occurs, the CPU assumes that the system is unusable and halts.
Local data RAM, program PROM and relabelling EPROM When the CPU is in one of its three processing states, it requires intermediate storing facility for data/results. This is provided by the 2Kx16-bit local data RAM. The program PROM has a total storage capacity of 8Kx16-bit words. It contains the instructions carried out by the CPU during its normal processing state as well as the exception vectors required during the exception processing state - in short, the complete operational software required by this board is stored in the program PROM. The relebelling EPROM has a total storage capacity of 32Kx16-bit words. The relabelled addresses for the COMMON RAM (for the data received through the ARINC I/O interface logic) as well as the test library (for the self tests) and a monitoring program for this board (for maintenance operations) are stored in the relabelling EPROM. All three memories are addressed by the CPU-ADDRESS-BUS and data transfer takes place through the CPU-DATA-BUS. The address decoder provides the enable-signals and the CPU the read/write signals.
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