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and at the lowest capable level. When equipment cannot be repaired on site, it is moved only as far to the
rear as necessary for repair. This concept insures timely repairs and keeps the maximum amount of
equipment operational. The utility and cargo helicopter unit uses the principles of flexible unit structure,
FM 1-113 Chapter 10
10-2
direct support, and general support to implement this concept. The key to maintenance management is
sound planning and establishing a disciplined maintenance management system to ensure that equipment
remains operational. Additionally, the flow of DA Forms 2404 must be planned with an established
maintenance tracking system developed and adhered to.
a. Ground Maintenance.
(1) Unit maintenance. Unit maintenance is performed by organizational maintenance
personnel, vehicle or equipment operators, and crews. Unit maintenance includes scheduled
and unscheduled unit maintenance repair and PMCS, which are performed according to the
PMCS table in the equipment manual. The table specifies when, and under what condition,
each preventive maintenance check and service is performed. Generally, the operator and/or
crew, or the using unit, is primarily responsible for performing PMCS. The purpose of
PMCS is to improve the operational readiness of equipment through preventive maintenance
and early diagnosis of problems.
(2) Direct support maintenance. DS maintenance units provide one-stop maintenance
services for the supported units. They provide extensive maintenance support to the assault
helicopter unit, including component repair and repair parts supply support. DS maintenance
units at the division level are located in the ASB and the FSB, located in the BSA.
(3) General support maintenance. A GS maintenance unit is characterized by an extensive
component repair capability. It supports the supply system within the theater by repairing
damaged systems for issue through the supply system as class II, VII or IX items. This level
of maintenance is normally found at division and higher. The DISCOM contains a GS
maintenance company that is located in the DSA.
(4) Depot maintenance. Army Materiel Command depots or activities, contractors, and host
nation support personnel perform depot maintenance to support the supply system. Depot
tasks are outlined in AR 750-1. These tasks must also be outlined in a memorandum of
understanding when they are performed in the theater of operations. Depot maintenance is
production-line oriented and is performed in fixed facilities in CONUS and the theater of
operations. Repair parts supply for depot maintenance is limited to items that are needed to
support assigned maintenance missions.
b. Aviation Maintenance. Aviation maintenance operations continue around the clock. The
governing concept is to "replace forward, repair rear," to enable the utility helicopter unit to return
aircraft to the battle rapidly. Damaged or inoperable aircraft that require time-consuming repairs
are handled in more secure areas toward the rear. TM 1-1500-204-23-1 outlines general aircraft
maintenance procedures. DA Pamphlet 738-751 contains detailed information on the Army
maintenance management system.
(1) Aviation maintenance. Aviation maintenance functions are divided into two
categories--scheduled and unscheduled.
(a) Scheduled maintenance. The critical aspect here is the continuous coordination
and involvement between unit operations and unit maintenance to accomplish the
scheduled maintenance, while also accomplishing the unit's mission. This cooperative
FM 1-113 Chapter 10
10-3
effort requires a daily exchange of information to reveal the continuously changing
situation that exists in any utility and cargo helicopter unit. Scheduled maintenance
includes predetermined cyclic inspections of aircraft systems and component
replacement. These events are scheduled either on a calendar or flying-hour basis.
(b) Unscheduled maintenance. Unscheduled maintenance is required when an
aircraft system, or component, malfunctions or fails unexpectedly. It is also required
to correct damage incurred as a result of improper operation or battlefield activity.
Because unscheduled maintenance cannot be predicted, units are doctrinally and
organizationally prepared to make unscheduled repairs as needed.
(2) Aviation support system structure. The support system comprises a three-level
structure--AVUM, avim, and depot maintenance. Depot maintenance is coordinated at the
AVIM level or higher and is discussed in FM 1-500. Specific organizational structures vary
somewhat, depending on whether they are in a division (light or heavy) or corps. However,
the basic concepts of aircraft maintenance discussed below are generally applicable in all
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