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canister. Spring fingers mounted on each mine prevent the mine from coming to rest on edge. Upon
coming to rest, each mine has a delayed arming time. The AT mine takes 2 minutes and 15 seconds to arm,
and the AP mine takes 4 minutes to arm.
b. M139 Dispenser. The dispenser consists of four launching racks that are mounted in the doors of the
UH-60. Each rack can hold up to 40 M87 mine canisters. Each canister contains six mines, so the total
capacity for the M139 dispenser is 960 mines. The mounting hardware secures the racks to the UH-60 and
provides for a jettison assembly that can propel the racks away from the aircraft in case of an aircraft
emergency.
c. Dispensing Control Unit. The DCU is the central control panel for the air Volcano mine dispensing
system. The operator uses the DCU to perform fault isolation tests on the system, to provide delivery
speeds, set self-destruct times, and initiate the arming sequence of the system. The start-stop firing switch
is located on both cyclic sticks, allowing either pilot to initiate or stop the dispensing of mines. A counter
on the DCU indicates the number of canisters remaining on each side of the aircraft.
FM 1-113 Chapter 8
8-1
Figure 8-1. Air Volcano system
8-2. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
a. Capabilities.
(1) Each aircraft carries 960 mines (800 AT mines, 160 AP mines).
(2) The mines have three programmable self-destruct times (4 hours, 48 hours, or 15 days).
(3) The system allows the force commander to quickly lay minefields. The Air Volcano is capable of
emplacing a planned (on order/be prepared) minefield 1,115 meters by 120 meters with 960 mines in
as little as 17 seconds.
(4) The system is designed to provide the commander with an offensive or defensive mine
dispensing capability.
(5) Air Volcano allows the commander to emplace a minefield at night.
b. Limitations.
(1) The air Volcano system weighs 6,413 pounds. With air Volcano mounted, a full crew, and one
system operator, the aircraft will be close to maximum gross weight. It may be necessary, based
upon weather and environmental conditions, for the aircraft to execute the mission without a full
fuel load, reducing en route time.
(2) The flight crew cannot operate the M60D machine gun with the air Volcano installed.
(3) It takes approximately 4 hours for the system to be installed in the UH-60.
(4) The three systems assigned to a division require two 5-ton cargo trucks for transport. The
aviation unit that owns the system does not get an increase in their assigned number of vehicles, so
the transportation of the systems must come from internal battalion assets.
8-3. EMPLOYMENT PRINCIPLES
a. The Volcano system can emplace a minefield with an average AT mine density of 0.72 mines per meter
and an AP density of 0.14 mines per meter. The densities will vary slightly since some mines will fail the
FM 1-113 Chapter 8
8-2
arming sequence and self-destruct 2 minutes after dispensing, some mines may not orient correctly, or will
not deliver their full mine effect. The probability of failing the arming sequence or misorienting is
relatively small and does not appreciably degrade the minefield lethality. For tracked vehicles, the AT
density yields more than 80 percent probability of encounter. Volcano AT mines do not have
antidisturbance devices but are highly sensitive to movement once they are armed.
b. Air Volcano can be used to emplace four types of minefields--disrupt, fix, turn, and block. The force
commander determines the type of minefield to be emplaced based upon the desired effect of the
minefield. Table 8-1 shows the planning factors for the different types of minefields. Table 8-2 shows the
time required to emplace minefields at different airspeeds. General guidelines for determining the type of
minefield the commander will emplace are as follows:
(1) Disrupt. For this minefield, the lethality and density is low. The commander's intent is to cause
confusion in the enemy formation.
Table 8-1. Volcano planning factors
TYPE OF
MINEFIELD
DEPTH
(METERS)
FRONT
(METERS)
NUMBER OF
STRIPS
CANISTERS
PER STRIP
TOTAL
CANISTERS
MINEFIELDS
PER LOAD
DISRUPT
140
278
1
40/20 PER
SIDE
40
4
FIX
140
278
1
40/20 PER
SIDE
40
4
TURN
340
557
2
80/40 PER
SIDE
160
1
BLOCK
340
557
2
80/40 PER
SIDE
160
1
Table 8-2. Minefield emplacement times
KNOTS
disrupt and fix
MINEFIELD
TURN AND BLOCK
MINEFIELD
160 CANISTER LOAD
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