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agility, and long range allow the commander to set the terms of the battle. In combat
operations, aviation commanders set the tempo by seizing the initiative.
(2) Agility. Agility is the ability of friendly forces to act faster than the enemy and is a
prerequisite for seizing and holding the initiative. In combat operations, aviation
commanders exploit the agility of their units through speed, mobility, and reaction time.
Technological developments in intelligence gathering, aviation mission planning, and
communications have improved situational awareness throughout the duration of the
mission. Situational awareness provides an edge to aviation commanders. Aviation assets
can now be directed to critical places on the battlefield at critical times.
(3) Depth. Depth is an extension of operations in time, space, resources, and purpose. In
combat operations aviation commanders understand depth as the ability to conduct
FM 1-113 Chapter 1
1-1
simultaneous close, deep, and rear operations. Commanders sustain the momentum by
taking advantage of all available resources. With access to joint and combined arms
capabilities, aviation commanders can plan for and control numerous utility and cargo
operations simultaneously.
(4) Synchronization. Synchronization is the application of military forces in time, space,
and purpose to produce maximum combat power at the decisive place and time.
Synchronization requires intensive planning to ensure that all elements of combat power are
delivered at the decisive time and place. It requires exact coordination among the various
combat, combat support, and combat service support units involved in an operation. Joint
and multinational capabilities must be considered when applicable. Effective liaison is
imperative for the utility and cargo helicopter unit to be fully synchronized with the
supported unit.
(5) Versatility. Versatility is the ability of units to meet diverse mission requirements. It is
the essence of utility and cargo helicopter operations. Aviation commanders demonstrate
versatility by their ability to shift focus, tailor forces, and conduct simultaneous operations
rapidly and efficiently. Aviation forces must be prepared to deploy from one geographical
region to another and from one type of operation to another.
b. Framework of the Battlefield. The Army's warfighting doctrine specifies that deep, close, and
rear operations occur simultaneously. A utility and cargo helicopter unit can conduct operations
throughout the entire framework during offensive and defensive operations. Deep operations allow
corps and division commanders to influence the close operations before the enemy closes with
friendly forces. During the conduct of close operations, utility helicopters allow the corps and
division commander to exploit success by rapidly shifting forces on the battlefield. Utility and
cargo helicopters can influence the commander's rear area fight by rapidly moving and assaulting
forces to stop penetrations and enemy assaults into the rear area.
c. Utility and Cargo Helicopters in Combat Operations. The force commander's assessment of the
factors of METT-T influences the missions that are assigned to utility and cargo helicopter units.
Utility and cargo helicopter units will conduct combat, combat support, and combat service
support operations day and night throughout the battlefield framework. With the aviation
commander's assistance, the force commander determines how to best employ the utility and cargo
helicopters. From the force commander's mission and intent, the aviation unit commander
determines how best to employ his unit. Some of the common missions the utility and cargo
helicopter unit conducts are--
· Air assault operations.
· Air movement operations.
· C2.
· Aerial mine delivery operations (Volcano).
· CSAR.
· CASEVAC.
FM 1-113 Chapter 1
1-2
1-2. UTILITY AND CARGO HELICOPTERS IN THE OFFENSE AND DEFENSE
a. Forms of the Offense.
(1) Movement to contact. A movement to contact is used to gain or reestablish contact with
the enemy. It may be used when contact with the enemy has been temporarily lost, or it may
be used to initiate an attack. Utility and cargo helicopters may be called upon to conduct the
full range of missions during this operation. The search and attack is a limited purpose
application of the movement to contact. Search and attack operations are conducted by
small, light maneuver units, air cavalry, and air assault forces. The purpose of this operation
is to destroy enemy forces, protect the force, deny areas to the enemy, and collect
information. Utility helicopters may be called upon to conduct air assault, air movement, C2,
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