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a time. This limits the commander's ability to communicate on all the FM channels that he
needs, and retransmission capability is lost.
5-4. COMMAND AND CONTROL MISSION PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
a. Army Airspace Command and Control . C2 aircraft must operate within a designed airspace
structure. Normally, a ROZ or ACA will be established for the C2 aircraft. Selection of a suitable
ROZ must consider several factors--scheme of maneuver, threat, communications, and routes
to/from the ROZ.
(1) Scheme of maneuver. The ROZ must be selected in an area that does not conflict with
current operations of the supported unit. The S3, or S3 (air), of the supported unit should
request the ROZ. The ROZ must be in an area that supports the maneuver commander's plan
without interfering with the operations of subordinate units. It may be necessary to plan for
multiple ROZs. In offensive operations, on order ROZs need to be planned so as the battle
moves the C2 aircraft can move forward and continue to provide effective C2.
(2) Threat. Aviation battalion S2s and S3s must carefully analyze the threat and the impact
potential threats can have upon aircraft working in a ROZ. ROZ operations can be high risk.
Often aircraft will be operating in a ROZ for an extended period of time and may go above
the coordinating altitude. A careful analysis of the ROZ by the aviation unit will ensure that
the ROZ can support the ground maneuver commander's concept and remain clear of high
threat areas.
(3) Communications. The ROZ must be selected so that LOS communications are capable
of being maintained with all elements of the unit. Altitude will be a factor in ROZ selection.
Higher altitudes will allow for better communications, but will increase risk from threat
systems. A careful analysis of the factors of METT-T will allow the ROZ to be selected in
an area that provides security and uninterrupted communications.
FM 1-113 Chapter 5
5-4
(4) Routes to/from the ROZ. Flight routes must be developed that will support the aircraft's
transition to the ROZ. These flight routes must be planned carefully, should avoid overflight
of friendly artillery units and should be opened and closed as needed by the C2 aircraft.
b. Console Operator. A console operator must be available to run the console operations while the
commander and staff are controlling the battle. The operator may or may not be from the
supporting aviation unit. There are no special requirements needed to operate the console, just an
understanding of the system operational controls. The aviation unit may not have personnel
available to operate the system. The supported unit commander must be prepared to provide an
additional soldier to operate the console during missions.
c. Communications Fills. Some consoles require a fill from a modified ANCD, that exists at
brigade level and higher. Coordination must be made as soon as possible after the receipt of the
mission for the supported unit to provide the necessary ANCD fills. To ensure that the COMSEC
fills are compatible, the console operator should conduct communications checks with the
supported unit prior to mission execution. If unsuccessful, the aircrew should try loading the
COMSEC fills from the secure loading device (KYK-13 or ANCD) at the supported unit.
d. Command Relationships. Aircraft conducting C2 missions will be under the OPCON of the
maneuver commander. The aviation unit providing the aircraft must coordinate with the supported
unit early to integrate the C2 aircraft during the planning process. The aircrew of the C2 aircraft
should attend orders and rehearsals of the supported unit to fully understand the operational
scheme of maneuver and the concept for the C2 aircraft.
FM 1-113 Chapter 5
5-5
CHAPTER 6
CASUALTY EVACUATION OPERATIONS
6-1. GENERAL
Commanders of medical units in a theater of operations use their resources to effectively evacuate and treat
sick, injured, and wounded soldiers. Whether a soldier survives when wounded on the battlefield often
depends on the time it takes to receive treatment. Quick responsive care is essential to protecting the force.
Under current force structures, corps medical brigades are equipped with an evacuation battalion, each with 3
to 5 air ambulance companies with 15 UH-60s or UH-1s. Corps medical brigades may be augmented by
attached air ambulance detachments and companies from the reserve component. The corps commander will
task organize these air ambulances in direct support to division and ACR level on a priority basis. For
planning purposes, division commanders can expect a company of MEDEVAC helicopters to be in direct
support of the division. The air ambulance company will provide the division with responsive MEDEVAC
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