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Commanders must select LNOs and deploy them early to critical locations to provide the
commander with information and to assist the unit in conducting a smooth deployment.
Critical locations requiring LNOs include departure airfields, sea ports, rail heads, and
higher headquarters.
(4) Movement personnel. All units, regardless of their home station location, may deploy to
another theater to conduct SASO. Self-deployment is not always possible, and units may
require ships or strategic aircraft to move their assets. All units should have qualified load
planners and personnel trained to certify hazardous cargo for movement.
(5) Loading teams. Cargo and utility unit commanders must anticipate the need for teams to
load equipment on to ships or planes. They must designate them early and properly train
them prior to mission execution.
g. Logistics. During SASO, logistics is a critical element. The logistics base may be well
developed or may be nonexistent. Commanders must determine the logistics available to support
the mission. The priority for logistics in SASO goes to class III, class V, class IX, and class I.
(1) Class III (petroleum, oil, and lubricants). Host nation POL may or may not be available
FM 1-113 Chapter 9
9-4
to supporting aircraft. Advanced party operations must include determining availability of
refuel in theater. The advanced party may have to establish contracts with host nation fuelers
to provide fuel for aviation tankers or provide fuel from host nation sources. If fuel is not
available in theater, the commander must coordinate with the higher headquarters for fuel
resupply.
(2) Class V (ammunition). Commanders must consider how their aircraft will get
ammunition for the M60D door guns. Additionally, ammunition may be required for force
protection within the aviation AA. Commanders and staffs must plan for and request
adequate class V. Class V requirements will be based on an analysis of the threat. Advanced
parties should integrate with the higher headquarters to establish class V accounts and to
determine the procedures for class V requisition and resupply.
(3) Class IX (repair parts). Class IX accounts must be established with the higher
headquarters as soon as possible. The advanced party should make all necessary
arrangements for class IX parts ordering before the unit arrives. For a SASO without an
established system for ordering class IX parts, the unit should arrange for alternate methods
of receiving repair parts.
(4) Class I (food). Class I accounts are another critical logistics element that the advanced
party must set up prior to the arrival of the unit. Coordination should be made with the
higher headquarters for establishing class I contracts with host nation assets.
h. Force Protection. The aviation commander must consider force protection as essential
throughout the conduct of the SASO. External security assets must be requested if needed.
Coordination for any external security force should be accomplished prior to deployment to the
AOs. Commanders must make an assessment of their AA. Staff operations must consider the
defense of the AA. Careful staff planning and coordination with higher headquarters will ensure
that the soldiers are well protected.
i. Rules of Engagement. ROE are designed to control the application of force. These rules
stipulate under what conditions US soldiers can use force. The ROE will be prepared and issued at
the theater, JTF, or national level. The aviation unit commander must clearly understand the ROE
and ensure that all the soldiers in the unit understand it also. All personnel should be briefed on the
current ROE in effect prior to executing a mission.
j. Host Nation Considerations. Civil and military laws, airspace procedures, radio frequency
usage, ground convoy clearances, flight restrictions, local customs, and host nation contracting are
all factors the commander must consider prior to executing SASO in another country. The aviation
commander must adapt to local procedures to accomplish his mission.
k. Landing Zones. Adequate LZs may not be available for the conduct of SASO missions. This is
especially critical in urbanized terrain. The aviation staff must use available resources (local
population, imagery, photos, higher intelligence sources) as well as their own area analysis (map
reconnaissance, actual reconnaissance) to determine the location, adequacy, and capabilities of
potential LZs in the SASO area.
FM 1-113 Chapter 9
9-5
CHAPTER 10
COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
10-1. GENERAL
Combat service support is the support provided to sustain combat forces, primarily in administrative and
logistics. It includes administrative services, chaplain services, civil affairs, food service, finance, legal
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