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designated and an AMC must be designated for the CSAR operation. Procedures need to be
devised to form the CSAR force, move the force forward, and conduct the rescue of the
downed aircrew. During the mission, the C2 node is responsible for coordinating fires,
deconflicting security and the rescue aircraft, and controlling the rescue of the aircrew.
(4) Signaling. Signaling procedures must be developed. It may become necessary for the
downed crew to evade and leave the aircraft site. Signal procedures must be coordinated
during the planning process to allow for quick pickup of downed aviators.
(5) Drop off location. CSAR crews must be thoroughly briefed on the location to drop off
downed pilots once they are rescued. If they are not injured, they may be returned to the
aviation unit AA. If injured, the crew must be taken to a medical facility. The CSAR crews
should have frequencies and call signs of medical treatment facilities and have their
locations programmed into their navigation devices (GPS, Doppler, etc).
(6) Combat search and rescue team makeup. The commander must determine the makeup
of the team that will be conducting the delayed recovery. This operation should consist of
attack or cavalry assets to provide reconnaissance and security, a C2 facility, and at least two
aircraft for the rescue operation. Using two aircraft allows for faster search times, a backup
aircraft should the primary break down, and the ability to move more dismounted personnel
for security. Additionally, the commander should designate medical personnel to
accompany the recovery aircraft to provide initial medical aid when the downed crew
members are recovered.
7-4. COMBAT SEARCH AND RESCUE MISSION EXECUTION
Utility helicopters used for CSAR operations should only be used to conduct the rescue of downed
aviators. Commanders should try to conduct the search for downed aircrews with cavalry or attack
helicopter assets. It may be that Army utility or cargo helicopters will work with USAF aircraft to
conduct a JCSAR mission. In this case the helicopters would be moved forward to a holding area and be
directed to the pickup site by the USAF aircraft conducting the search. If the isolated personnel are not
FM 1-113 Chapter 7
7-5
located, the helicopters will not be involved in the mission. This may not always be possible, and utility
and cargo helicopter crews should be prepared to conduct a full CSAR mission if called upon.
Considerations for the execution of the CSAR mission are listed below:
a. Intelligence Updates. The aircraft conducting the mission should use all available intelligence
sources to find out about the threat in the search area. The S2 of the aviation battalion can use
other available sources to give the aircraft the most current threat situation.
b. Information on the Downed Crew. Utility and cargo aircraft conducting CSAR missions should
have access to--
ISOPREP packets. These cards contain personal information about the crew to include a picture.
They are used to make a positive identification when picking up an individual.
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EPA. This is the plan the downed personnel will execute if immediate rescue is not available or
feasible. It discusses the nearest DARPs the crew will move to for pick up, signaling methods,
authentication they will use, and frequencies they will have loaded into their survival radio.
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l Signaling procedures.
c. Search Techniques. It may be necessary to conduct a search for downed aircrews. If this
becomes necessary, search aircraft should use the following search techniques:
(1) Boundary method. CSAR forces conduct the operation by designating the entire search
area within the confines of prominent terrain features. The next step is to further reduce the
search area into subelements also defined by identifiable terrain features. From the larger to
the smaller scales, terrain features such as mountains, rivers, small towns/villages,
secondary roads, and natural or man-made obstacles can be used to piecemeal the operation.
The search track will be conducted systematically within the shape of the terrain parameters
until the isolated personnel have been acquired.
(2) Grid method. CSAR forces conduct the operation by designating boundaries and search
patterns using eight-digit grid coordinates to define the search area.
(3) Track line method. CSAR forces conduct this operation by planning search routes along
what is estimated to be the isolated personnel's track from isolation point to the extraction
point, according to the EPA. These search areas will consist of a series of connected
rectangular boxes, defined in terms of length and width, initiating at the isolation point and
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