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5) Responsibility of all employees:
— Each of us will be expected to accept responsibility and accountability for our own
behaviour.
— Each of us will have an opportunity to participate in developing safety standards and
procedures.
— We will openly communicate information about safety incidents and will share the lessons
learned with others.
— Each of us will be concerned for the safety of others in our organization.
d) Objectives of the safety process. Our objectives include:
1) ALL levels of management will be clearly committed to safety.
2) We will have clear employee safety metrics, with clear accountability.
3) We will have open safety communications.
4) We will involve all relevant staff in the decision-making process.
5) We will provide the necessary training to build and maintain meaningful safety leadership skills.
6) The safety of our employees, customers and suppliers will be a strategic issue of the
organization.
Signed: __________________________________
CEO/Managing Director/or as appropriate
______________________
13-1
Chapter 13
SAFETY ASSESSMENTS
13.1 OVERVIEW
13.1.1 Safety management provides the means by which organizations can control the processes that
could lead to hazardous events, in order to ensure that the risk of harm or damage is limited to an
acceptable level. Much of this activity focuses on hazards as they are identified through such processes and
activities as the investigation of safety occurrences, incident reporting systems and safety oversight
programmes. Safety assessments provide another proactive mechanism for identifying potential hazards
and finding ways to control the risks associated with them.
13.1.2 A safety assessment should be undertaken prior to the implementation of any major change
potentially affecting the safety of operations in order to demonstrate that the change meets an acceptable
level of safety. For example, when major changes involving operating procedures, equipment acquisition or
configuration, organizational working relationships, etc. are planned, a safety assessment may be
warranted. Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services requires that any significant safety-related change to the ATC
system shall be implemented only after a safety assessment has demonstrated that an acceptable level of
safety will be maintained.1 Similar requirements in respect of any change in an aerodrome operating
environment exist in Annex 14 — Aerodromes, Volume I — Aerodrome Design and Operations, and in the
guidance material provided in the Manual on Certification of Aerodromes (Doc 9774). The scope of a safety
assessment must be wide enough to cover all aspects of the system that may be affected by the change,
either directly or indirectly, and should include human, equipment and procedural elements.
13.1.3 If the result of an assessment is that the system under review does not satisfy the safety
assessment criteria, it will be necessary to find some means of modifying the system in order to reduce the
risk. This process is called risk mitigation. The development of mitigation measures becomes an integral part
of the assessment process. The adequacy of proposed mitigation measures should be tested by
re-evaluating what the risk would be with the mitigation measures in place. (Chapter 6 provides further
guidance on the risk management process.)
13.1.4 The process of safety assessment aims to answer the following three fundamental questions:
a) What could go wrong?
b) What would be the consequences?
c) How often is it likely to occur?
13.1.5 Once a safety assessment is completed, it should be signed-off by the responsible manager,
indicating that the manager is satisfied that the assessment has been properly performed and that the level
1. More specific information on the circumstances in which a safety assessment could be required in ATS can be found in the
Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM, Doc 4444), Chapter 2, Section 2.6.
13-2 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
of risk is acceptable. For the manager to be able to make an informed decision concerning this, the safety
assessment must be well documented. The documentation should be retained to provide a record of the
basis on which the acceptance decision was made.
13.1.6 The implementation of a safety assessment programme requires the organization to:
a) identify requirements as to when safety assessments must be performed;
b) develop procedures for performing safety assessments;
c) develop organizational risk classification criteria for identified hazards;
d) develop acceptance criteria for safety assessments; and
e) develop documentation requirements and processes for retaining and disseminating safety
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