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— the ability to identify the crew of that flight, and how to contact them; and
— an electronic copy of the flight data and a means of viewing it.
THE AIRLINE will provide each PILOTS’ ASSOCIATION representative with a laptop computer preloaded
with software to meet the requirements below:
— The identity of the flight will be provided by e-mail from the FDA PROGRAMME Group.
— The identity of the crew, and their contact details, will be determined by remote access to
THE AIRLINE flight crew scheduling system.
— The flight data will be e-mailed by the FDA PROGRAMME group and will be viewed using
the pre-loaded software.
In order to identify a pilot from the pilot’s 5-digit FDA PROGRAMME number (see 4.2.2), THE
PILOTS’ ASSOCIATION representative will be provided with a decode disk, for use with FPD.
Upon finishing work with the FDA PROGRAMME group, THE PILOTS’ ASSOCIATION
representative will return the laptop and disk to THE AIRLINE. No copy of THE AIRLINE-provided
software may be retained.
Signed on behalf of THE AIRLINE: Signed on behalf of THE PILOTS’
ASSOCIATION:
_________________________________ _________________________________
Name: ___________________________ Name: ___________________________
Date: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________
— — — — — — — —
16-APP 4-1
Appendix 4 to Chapter 16
HUMAN PERFORMANCE ISSUES
AFFECTING CABIN SAFETY3
The work environment and working conditions for cabin crew are influenced by a diverse set of Human
Factors. Some of the more common factors to consider in developing a cabin safety programme include:
a) Crew Resource Management (CRM). With ever-larger cabin crews, the cabin crew must work
together as a team. CRM training for cabin crew could include:
1) Communications and interpersonal skills. Hesitancy to communicate important data to other
team members could jeopardize a flight. Polite assertiveness is required for effective teamwork;
2) Situational awareness. Maintaining an accurate perception of evolving events requires
questioning, cross-checking, refinement and updating of perception;
3) Problem solving, decision-making skills and judgement may be critical in the event of an in-flight
emergency or in a situation requiring emergency evacuation or ditching; and
4) Leadership/followership skills. While in charge, cabin crew require well-developed leadership
skills, but individual cabin crew members must respect command authority during an
emergency.
b) Fatigue. Circadian disrhythmia (i.e. jet lag) and other disturbances to normal sleep patterns are a
part of the job. Yet, fatigue can seriously compromise the response of cabin crew in an emergency.
Maximum alertness is required during the approach and landing phase, often at the end of a long
duty period.
c) Personality factors. Cabin crew require skill in handling diverse personality types. In addition,
cultural diversity can influence outcomes in an emergency, not only among the passengers, but also
in culturally mixed crews.
d) Workload and stress. The pace of cabin duties varies widely, especially during long-haul
operations. Learning to cope with the stress of intense workloads and boredom are fundamental to
maintaining situational awareness and the mental acuity required in an emergency.
e) Competence. A function of experience and currency is vital to maximizing effectiveness. Multipletype
currencies resulting in transferring from one aircraft type to another may compromise effective
emergency response due to difficult and possibly inappropriate habit transfer.
3. For further understanding of Human Factors relevant to cabin safety programmes, see Human Factors Training Manual
(Doc 9683), Human Factors Guidelines for Safety Audits Manual (Doc 9806) and Human Factors Digest No. 15 — Human Factors
in Cabin Safety (Cir 300).
16-APP 4-2 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
f) Equipment design. During safety audits, attention should be paid to equipment design factors
that may compromise safe performance of duties by cabin crew (strength requirements, reach,
user-friendliness, etc.).
___________________
17-1
Chapter 17
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS)
17.1 ATS SAFETY
General
17.1.1 While aviation accidents caused by shortcomings in ATS are rare, the consequences of such
accidents are potentially disastrous. Safety in ATS requires a systematic approach to safety management,
and current ATS systems provide multilayered defences through such things as:
a) rigid selection criteria and training for controllers;
b) clearly defined performance standards, e.g. separation criteria;
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