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n) airspace limitations (topography, obstructions, noise abatement requirements, etc.);
o) security issues;
p) construction activities at an operational aerodrome; and
q) capacity enhancement procedures and use of existing facilities not designed for newer generation
aircraft.
18.1.5 Within its operating context, an aerodrome provides a diverse set of services to support flight
operations. Some of these include:
a) flight planning, including weather services;
b) navigation, approach and landing aids;
c) communication services;
d) air traffic, ground and apron control;
e) runway and apron maintenance (including snow and ice removal, bird and wildlife control, FOD
removal, etc.);
f) aircraft servicing of all types;
g) aerodrome security;
h) aerodrome emergency services (i.e. rescue and firefighting services);
i) management of tenants (aviation operators, service contractors, etc.); and
j) customer management (passengers, freight shippers, etc.).
18.1.6 Given the complexity of the aerodrome environment, a systematic approach to safety is
required in order to coordinate the various activities for the safe delivery of services. An SMS provides such
a coherent approach. In so doing, the safety philosophy and the supporting policies are developed,
operating procedures are coordinated and implemented, and day-to-day operational practices are
systematically monitored. In short, an SMS helps create an aerodrome safety culture conducive to safe
operations.
Chapter 18. Aerodrome Operations 18-3
18.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
ICAO requirements for aerodrome safety management
18.2.1 The SARPs relating to the implementation of SMS for aerodrome operators are contained in
Annex 14 — Aerodromes, Volume I — Aerodrome Design and Operations. Chapter 1, Section 1.4 requires
that the aerodrome manual submitted for approval and granting of an aerodrome certificate contain details of
the aerodrome SMS.
18.2.2 The Manual on Certification of Aerodromes (Doc 9774) contains, in Appendix I, the particulars
to be included in an aerodrome manual. Part 5 of this Appendix contains the essential features of an
aerodrome SMS.
18.2.3 Doc 9774 states that an aerodrome operator’s SMS should include the safety policy, structure
of the organization and individual and group responsibilities for safety issues, setting of safety performance
targets and internal safety audit and review systems, with a view to ensuring that operations are carried out
in a demonstrably controlled way.
State responsibilities
18.2.4 Implementing the ICAO provisions has implications for both aerodrome operators and the State
regulatory body. Increasingly, aerodromes are operated as corporate or privatized companies, which are not
under the direct control of the State. However, the State, as the signatory to the Chicago Convention, is
responsible for the implementation of ICAO SARPs. The safety management principles outlined in this
manual do not replace the obligation to comply with ICAO SARPs and/or national regulations, but are
guidance material.
18.2.5 To discharge this responsibility, the State must put in place the legislative and regulatory
provisions needed to require aerodrome operators to implement systematic safety management practices
and procedures. It will also be necessary for States to establish appropriate oversight mechanisms to ensure
that providers comply with these legislative and regulatory requirements, and that they maintain an
acceptable level of safety in their operations. The establishment of a regulatory framework is described in
Doc 9774.
18.2.6 States need to establish an entity within the CAA, with the responsibility to ensure that the
requirements with respect to aerodromes are met. The organizational structure and staffing of this entity
(sometimes referred to as the Directorate of Aerodromes Standards and Safety (DASS)) should suit the
national environment and the complexity of the civil aviation system. Doc 9774 describes in detail the
establishment and the responsibilities of a DASS.
18.2.7 It is especially important that where the regulatory function and the aerodrome operation are
both under the control of the one body (e.g. a civil service department or a State controlled authority) a clear
distinction be maintained between these two functions, i.e. safety oversight and service delivery.
18.2.8 The State’s safety programme for aerodromes can be seen as having two components: a
safety regulatory and oversight function, which will always be the direct responsibility of the State, and a
safety management component, implemented through the SMS of the aerodrome operator(s).
18-4 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
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