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Key operational staff have received formal training in safety investigations.
Each hazard and incident report is evaluated with further safety investigation as necessary.
Management supports the acquisition and analysis of safety information.
Management takes an active interest in investigation findings and applies risk management
procedures for identified hazards.
Safety lessons learned are widely disseminated.
The regulatory authority is apprised of significant safety concerns potentially affecting other
operators or requiring action by the regulatory authority.
STEP 7: SAFETY ANALYSIS CAPABILITY
Safety analysis is the process of organizing and evaluating facts objectively. Following the basic rules of
logic and drawing upon recognized methodologies and analytical tools, facts are considered in a systematic
way in order that valid conclusions can be made. Safety analysis differs from the adversarial argument of the
courts in that all sides of any situation are evaluated. When done well, others following the same line of
reasoning will reach the same conclusions.
Safety analysis has application in such areas as:
a) trend analysis;
b) occurrence investigation;
c) hazard identification;
d) risk assessment;
Chapter 12. Establishing a Safety Management System 12-13
e) evaluation of risk mitigation measures; and
f) monitoring of safety performance.
Safety analysis requires particular skills and experience. Providing convincing arguments for change
depends on solid analytical capabilities. Chapter 9 contains further information on safety analysis.
Confirmation Checklist #7
SAFETY ANALYSIS CAPABILITY
The SM is experienced or has received training in analytical methods, or has access to
competent safety analysts.
Analytical tools (and specialist support) are available to support safety analyses.
The organization maintains a credible safety database.
Other information sources are accessible.
Hazard information and performance data are routinely monitored (trend analysis, etc.).
Safety analyses are subject to a challenge process (peer review).
Safety recommendations are made to management, and corrective actions are taken and
tracked to ensure that they are appropriate and effective.
STEP 8: SAFETY PROMOTION AND TRAINING
Keeping staff informed about current safety issues through relevant training, safety literature, participation in
safety courses and seminars, etc. improves the safety health of the organization. The provision of
appropriate training to all staff (regardless of their professional discipline) is an indication of management’s
commitment to an effective SMS. (Weak management may see training as an expense rather than as an
investment in the future viability of the organization.)
New employees need to know what is required of them and how the organization’s SMS functions. Initial
training should emphasize “how we do business here”. More experienced employees may need refresher
training for particular safety processes where their direct involvement may be required, such as FDA, LOSA
or NOSS. Regardless of their experience level, all employees benefit from feedback on hazards identified,
safety actions taken, safety lessons learned, etc.
The SM is the logical resource person for providing a corporate perspective on the organization’s approach
to safety management. A variety of tools are available to assist the SM with respect to the safety
promotional role. (See Chapter 15 for guidance in this area.)
12-14 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
Confirmation Checklist #8
SAFETY PROMOTION AND TRAINING
Management recognizes that all levels of the organization require training in safety
management and that the needs vary across the organization.
Job descriptions reflect competency requirements.
All personnel receive safety indoctrination training and participate in specific ongoing training
for safety management.
The organization has an effective programme for the timely promotion of safety issues.
Staff are aware of their role in the elements of the SMS pertinent to their duties.
Additional safety awareness training is provided when the operating environment changes
(seasonal changes and changes in operational conditions, regulatory requirements, etc.).
Staff understand that safety management has nothing to do with attributing blame.
STEP 9: SAFETY MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION AND
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
To ensure responsible safety management, successful organizations follow a disciplined approach to
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Safety Management Manual (SMM) 安全管理手册(82)
