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Approaches to the discharge of regulatory responsibilities
18.2.9 As outlined in Chapter 3, the State may adopt either an active role in the discharge of its
regulatory responsibilities, involving close supervision of the safety-related activities of the aerodrome
operator, or a passive role, whereby greater responsibility is delegated to the aerodrome operator, with the
State retaining oversight responsibilities. Considerable merit exists in a State regulatory system which falls
between the active and passive extremes and which should:
a) represent a balanced allocation of responsibility between the State and the aerodrome operator for
the safe operation of the aerodrome;
b) be capable of economic justification within the resources of the State;
c) enable the State to maintain continuing regulation and supervision of the activities of the aerodrome
operator without unduly inhibiting the aerodrome operator’s direction and control of the organization;
and
d) result in the establishment and maintenance of harmonious relationships between the State and the
aerodrome operator.
18.3 AERODROME SAFETY MANAGEMENT
18.3.1 Traditionally, aerodromes were owned and operated by the State. Increasingly, this is changing
as aerodromes are corporatized (or privatized) and the management is turned over from government
officials to aerodrome authorities or private entities. Regardless of whether the aerodrome is managed by
the State or a private entity, safety remains a primary concern. A robust SMS can facilitate safe aircraft
operations at an aerodrome. However, the adoption of an SMS does not obviate the need to comply with the
SARPs in Annex 14, Volume I, and applicable national regulations.Within the framework of an aerodrome
SMS, the aerodrome management must oversee the activities of all the service providers, tenants,
contractors and others to ensure the safest and most efficient performance of the aerodrome.
18.3.2 An effective aerodrome SMS begins with a strong corporate knowledge of the aviation
business. The aerodrome management must promote a positive safety culture. In part this will depend on
the resources dedicated to safety management; the feedback mechanisms in place — and how they are
managed on a day-to-day basis; the promotion of sharing of safety-related information among stakeholders
in the aerodrome’s operation; and a constant striving for improvement.
18.3.3 Chapters 12 to 15 provide guidance on the principles and practices for establishing an effective
SMS. The ten steps outlined in Chapter 12 apply equally to aerodromes.
Scope for aerodrome safety management
18.3.4 An aerodrome SMS can only provide a means of controlling those hazards which originate
within the aerodrome system, or in which some element of the aerodrome system could be a contributory
factor.
18.3.5 As an example of the latter, the aerodrome safety system cannot directly address the causes of
an emergency landing due to an aircraft system malfunction; it can only address the consequences of an
emergency landing at that aerodrome. However, it is important that the aerodrome procedures for handling
an emergency do not increase the severity of the emergency.
Chapter 18. Aerodrome Operations 18-5
18.3.6 Within this manual, the term aerodrome system includes all of the people, technology and
procedures required for the operation of an aerodrome, and the interfaces between them.
Aerodrome operator SMS
18.3.7 While it is the responsibility of the State to promulgate appropriate legislative and regulatory
provisions concerning aerodromes, the aerodrome operator is responsible for the day-to-day management
at the aerodrome.
18.3.8 Given the complexity of the factors creating risk potential at aerodromes, the aerodrome
management must coordinate the activities of the diverse stakeholders at an aerodrome — often with
conflicting expectations and priorities. The sharing of a common focus among the stakeholders, most of
whom are employees of agencies other than the aerodrome authority, needs to be fostered. In addition,
resource commitments from the airlines and other service providers must be obtained.
18.3.9 The aerodrome’s SMS begins with the development of appropriate safety policies and
operating procedures. These policies and operating procedures are more likely to be implemented if
stakeholders participate in their development and if they are included in appropriate contractual documents,
such as leases and operating authorities. A high degree of cooperation by all stakeholders will also be
necessary to achieve the desired level of standardization and interoperability required for safe ground
operations. Appendix 1 to this chapter provides an example of a safety policy for an aerodrome operator.
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Safety Management Manual (SMM) 安全管理手册(141)
