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supervisors and the SM should have no doubts about:
a) the types of hazards that should be reported;
b) the appropriate reporting mechanisms;
c) their job security (following the reporting of a safety concern); and
d) any safety actions taken to follow up on identified hazards.
Training for cabin safety
16.5.18 Cabin crew duties and responsibilities are safety-related, and cabin crew training should
clearly reflect this fact. While training can never duplicate all the types of situations that may confront cabin
crew, training can instil basic knowledge, skills, attitudes and confidence that will allow cabin crew to handle
emergency situations. Cabin crew training should therefore include:
a) initial indoctrination covering basic theory of flight, meteorology, physiology of flight, psychology of
passenger behaviour, aviation terminology, etc.;
b) hands-on training (if practicable using cabin simulators for fire, smoke and evacuation drills);
c) in-flight supervision (on-job-training);
d) annual recurrent training and re-qualification;
e) knowledge and skills in CRM, including coordinating activities with the flight crew;
f) joint training exercises with flight crew to practice drills and procedures used in flight and in
emergency evacuations; and
g) indoctrination in function and use of selected aspects of the company’s SMS (such as hazard and
incident reporting); etc.
16.5.19 In an emergency, the expertise of the cabin crew will be required with little or no warning.
Thus, effective safety training for cabin crew requires practice to maintain the sharpness necessary in an
emergency.
16.5.20 The Training Manual (Doc 7192), Part E-1 — Cabin Attendants’ Safety Training, addresses
safety training for cabin crew.
2. Chapter 7 provides guidance on the set-up and use of incident reporting systems.
Chapter 16. Aircraft Operations 16-25
Cabin safety standards
16.5.21 Safety inspections, safety surveys and safety audits are tools that can be used to ensure that
requisite cabin safety standards are being maintained. Once an operator is certificated, cabin safety
standards may be confirmed through an ongoing programme of:
a) aircraft inspections (e.g. emergency exits, emergency equipment, and galleys);
b) pre-flight (ramp) inspections;
c) in-flight cabin inspections (e.g. passenger briefings and demonstrations, crew briefings and use of
checklists, crew communications, discipline, and situational awareness);
d) training inspections (e.g. facilities, quality of instruction, and records); and
e) base inspections (e.g. crew scheduling, dispatch, safety incident reporting and response), etc.
16.5.22 A company’s internal safety audit programme should include the cabin crew department. The
audit process should include a review of all cabin operations, as well as an audit of cabin safety procedures,
training, the cabin crew’s operating manual, etc.
— — — — — — — —
16-APP 1-1
Appendix 1 to Chapter 16
SAMPLE COMPANY POLICY ON
NON-PUNITIVE HAZARD REPORTING
XYZ AIRLINE’S NON-PUNITIVE REPORTING POLICY
1. XYZ Airline is committed to the safest flight operating standards possible. To achieve this, it is
imperative that we have uninhibited reporting of all incidents and occurrences which may compromise the
safe conduct of our operations. To this end, every employee is responsible for communicating any
information that may affect the integrity of flight safety. Such communication must be completely free of any
form of reprisal.
2. XYZ Airline will not take disciplinary action against any employee who discloses an incident or
occurrence involving flight safety. This policy shall not apply to information received by the Company from a
source other than the employee, or which involves an illegal act, or a deliberate or wilful disregard of
promulgated regulations or procedures.
3. The primary responsibility for flight safety rests with line managers, however, flight safety is
everyone’s concern.
4. Our method of collecting, recording and disseminating information obtained from Air Safety Reports
has been developed to protect, to the extent permissible by law, the identity of any employee who provides
flight safety information.
5. I urge all staff to use our flight safety programme to help XYZ Airline become a leader in providing
our customers and employees with the highest level of flight safety.
Signed: __________________________________
Chairman and CEO
— — — — — — — —
16-APP 2-1
Appendix 2 to Chapter 16
EXAMPLES OF ITEMS TO BE REPORTED
TO AN AIRLINE OCCURRENCE REPORTING SYSTEM
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Safety Management Manual (SMM) 安全管理手册(122)
