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provide the opportunity to gain additional expertise and experience for effective safety reviews and audits.
Chapter 18. Aerodrome Operations 18-7
Safety audits
18.3.22 Safety auditing is a core safety management activity, providing a means of identifying potential
problems before they have an impact on safety. Chapter 14 outlines the principles and practices for
establishing a safety audit programme.
18.3.23 The Manual on Certification of Aerodromes (Doc 9774) indicates that an aerodrome operator
should arrange for an audit of the aerodrome SMS, including an inspection of the aerodrome facilities and
equipment. The aerodrome operator should also arrange an external audit for the evaluation of aerodrome
users, including aircraft operators, ground handling agencies and other organizations working at the
aerodrome. Such external audits should be conducted by suitably qualified safety experts.
18.4 AERODROME EMERGENCY PLANNING
18.4.1 Many accidents occur on or in the vicinity of aerodromes, creating a strain on the resources of
aerodromes. Responding appropriately and in a timely fashion to an aircraft emergency is one of the most
critical challenges facing aerodrome management. To ensure an appropriate response at such times of high
stress, a sound Aerodrome Emergency Plan (AEP) is essential. Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 9, Section 9.1,
has detailed requirements regarding the establishment and maintenance of an AEP. This includes the
necessary coordination with other agencies involved in meeting such emergency needs. The AEP reflects a
collaborative effort between aerodrome management, the resident stakeholders and those who will have to
execute the plan. The following section elaborates on planning for an aerodrome emergency.
18.4.2 The objective of aerodrome emergency planning is to minimize the effects of an emergency,
particularly with regard to saving lives and maintaining aircraft operations. The AEP outlines the procedures
for coordinating the response of different aerodrome agencies (or services) and those agencies in the
surrounding community that could be of assistance in responding to the emergency.
18.4.3 The Airport Services Manual (Doc 9137), Part 7 — Airport Emergency Planning, states that an
AEP should be implemented irrespective of whether an occurrence is an “on-airport”, or an “off-airport”
accident/incident. The AEP should take into account operations in all weather conditions and make provision
for potential accident locations in difficult terrain surrounding the aerodrome, i.e. bodies of water, roads,
depressions and other problem areas. Chapter 11 of this manual provides guidance on the preparation of an
AEP.
Coordinated response
18.4.4 The AEP should outline the response, or participation, of those agencies which, in the opinion
of the aerodrome operator, would be actively involved in an emergency. Examples of such agencies are:
a) On the aerodrome:
1) rescue and firefighting services;
2) medical services;
3) police and/or security services; and
4) aerodrome administrations, ATS, maintenance organizations and aircraft operators; and
18-8 Safety Management Manual (SMM)
b) Off the aerodrome:
1) police;
2) local fire departments;
3) medical services;
4) hospitals;
4) government authorities;
6) military;
7) harbour patrol and coast guard; and
8) other relevant agencies.
Aerodrome emergency exercises
18.4.5 The AEP provides the theoretical framework for a coordinated response to emergencies
occurring on or in the vicinity of aerodromes. However, periodic testing of the AEP is crucial for determining
where gaps may exist in the plan, for example, resolving misunderstandings among participants about the
workability of the procedures in place, and unrealistic estimates of requirements (time, resources, etc.).
Testing the plan also allows participants to get to know each other, familiarize themselves with the airport
facilities, etc. and to learn how other services operate. It also confirms the vital communication links.
18.4.6 There are three methods of testing an AEP:
a) Full-scale exercises. Realistic, comprehensive simulations for testing all capabilities, facilities and
agencies participating in an emergency response should be conducted at least once every two
years.
b) Partial exercises. Simulations for selected emergency response functions, such as firefighting,
should be conducted at least once each year in which a full-scale exercise is not conducted, or as
required to maintain proficiency.
c) Table-top exercises. This method for updating procedures, checklists, telephone lists, etc. and for
integrating emergency response resources with little expense should be coordinated at least semiannually.
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Safety Management Manual (SMM) 安全管理手册(143)
