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stamp)
12. Transit Time – The transit time of the ADS downlink in seconds calculated as the
difference between #10 Aircraft Time and #11 Received Time i.e 30
The data record for each ADS-C downlink
To enable regional analysis and aggregation of data ADS-C data recorded by an ANSP is sent
to the regional CRA at agreed intervals (usually monthly) as a comma delimited text file. The
format for each record shall at minimum contain the 12 data points specified in the previous
paragraph. Using the example in the previous paragraph the data record for the downlink
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described above in comma delimited text file format is:
NZZO,N104UA,B744,UAL,20081114,POR1,PER,-33.456732,+173.276554,03:44:15, 03:44:45,30
Additional data that an ANSP may wish to include for analysis purposes
ANSP may find that the following additional data may be useful for performance analysis:
1. The aircraft callsign extracted from either the Flight Plan e.g ANZ123 or the
AFN log on for the flight e.g NZ123 or the FI line in the ACARS header e.g.
NZ0123
2. Direction of flight calculated by the flight data processor and displayed as
quadrantal directions N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW.
3. ADS predicted position latitude and longitude and time if available. (Note: time
decoded from the predicted ADS group where timestamp is extracted as seconds
since the most recent hour. (See RTCA DO-258A section 4.5.1.4))
4. The estimated position in latitude and longitude of the aircraft when a CPDLC
downlink is sent. Calculated by the flight data processor.
Filtered Data
ANSP should send any filtered data to the CRA in separate files. Data records may have been
filtered from the main body of data for a number or reasons. These could include:
a. Delayed messages caused by notified system outages that if not filtered would adversely
affect observed system performance
b. Duplicated downlinks (usually seen on ADS reports) where the same downlink is
received two or three times at the ANSP.
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Appendix B: REGIONAL MONITORING STATISTICS
The following reports could be published by a CRA to reflect overall observed FANS1/A
performance for a region against the requirements. The aim is to provide a high level
overview for all interested parties, without going into overwhelming detail:
1. Aggregated CPDLC ACTP, ACP, and crew response graphs for all aircraft via all RGS,
via SATCOM RGS only, via VHF RGS only, and via HF RGS only. The graphs to
include monthly performance data and a year to date aggregate. An example is provided
below in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Example Aggregated CPDLC ACTP for a region all RGS
2. Aggregated ADS latency graphs for all aircraft via all RGS, via SATCOM RGS only,
via VHF RGS only, and via HF RGS only.
3. A report of all current system issues in the region. This would include a listing of
problem reports that are currently under investigation by the reporting CRA. On a
global scale this would provide other regions the means to see what is occurring in a
particular region and may assist these other regional CRA and ANSP in their own
investigations.
4. Other CPDLC and ADS latency graphs should be published as required to assist in
clarification of identified regional issues for outside parties.
Innovations in Fluid Cell Tooling and
Process Efficiency Dramatically Lower the
Costs of Aerospace Sheet Metal Parts
by Graham Beaumont
Agon Consultancy
June 2009
Graham Beaumont is
Managing Director of U.K.-
based Agon Consultancy, an
aerospace supply chain and
manufacturing process
improvement consultancy
serving all areas and levels of
aerospace manufacturing.
Mr. Beaumont has provided
design, engineering and
project management services
for programs including the
Airbus A320, A380, and
A400M and the Boeing 737.
Since the 1960s, aerospace manufacturers, including Boeing, Airbus,
Bombardier, Cessna, TAI, Embraer and others, have successfully used fluid
cell (or “bladder”) presses to precisely form a wide range of aluminium and
other sheet metal components. Today, however, strategic shifts among the
major airframe OEMs mean that a growing number of these parts are being
outsourced to tier 2 and 3 suppliers. With the advent of new intermediatesize
presses, these subcontractors are beginning to invest in fluid cell technology
to cut production costs and improve their competitive position.
In this paper, we examine recent advancements in tooling and the resulting
process efficiencies that are enabling tier 2 and 3 suppliers to profitably
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