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the website at no charge. Although CARI-6 takes into account
the phase of the solar cycle in estimating cosmic radiation
exposure, it does not account for solar cosmic radiation
as it might occur during a rare, unpredictable, but
large solar particle event.
Solar Cycle Chart...
FSI - HUMAN FACTORS 12
Summing things up…
Hopefully this article has familiarized airline crewmembers
with the theoretical added risks of exposure to cosmic
radiation associated with aviation. However, it is important
to keep the radiation risks associated with aviation-related
work in perspective with other health risks.
Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular
disease) are the major causes of death, serious illness
and disability in the United States today. Inflight cosmic
radiation exposure is a minimal environmental risk for
crewmembers when compared other environmental and
behavioral factors that contribute to chronic diseases.
Table 1. Effective doses of galactic cosmic radiation received on air carrier flights (estimations)
Origin - Destination Highest Altitude
[1,000 feet]
Air Time
[hours] Block [hours] Effective dose
[microsieverts]^2
mSv [millisieverts per 100
block hours]^3
Seattle WA - Portland OR 21 0.4 0.6 0.14 0.02
Houston TX - Austin TX 20 0.5 0.6 0.14 0.02
Miami FL - Tampa FL 24 0.6 0.9 0.34 0.04
St. Louis MO - Tulsa OK 35 0.9 1.1 1.57 0.14
San Juan PR - Miami FL 35 2.2 2.5 4.84 0.19
Tampa FL - St. Louis MO 31 2 2.2 4.31 0.20
New Orleans LA - San Antonio TX 39 1.2 1.4 3.11 0.22
Los Angeles CA - Honolulu HI 35 5.2 5.6 12.90 0.23
Denver CO - Minneapolis MN 33 1.2 1.5 3.54 0.24
New York NY - San Juan PR 37 3 3.5 9.20 0.26
Honolulu HI - Los Angeles CA 40 5.1 5.6 15.20 0.27
Chicago IL - New York NY 37 1.6 2 6.09 0.30
Los Angeles CA - Tokyo JP 40 11.7 12 38.00 0.32
Tokyo JP - Los Angeles CA 37 8.8 9.2 30.00 0.33
Washington DC - Los Angeles CA 35 4.7 5 17.20 0.34
New York NY - Chicago IL 39 1.8 2.3 8.42 0.37
Minneapolis MN - New York NY 37 1.8 2.1 7.91 0.38
London GB - DFW TX 39 9.7 10.1 38.80 0.38
Lisbon ES - New York NY 39 6.5 6.9 27.30 0.40
DFW TX - London GB 37 8.5 8.8 35.30 0.40
Seattle WA - Anchorage AL 35 3.4 3.7 15.10 0.41
Chicago IL - San Francisco CA 39 3.8 4.1 17.70 0.43
Seattle WA - Washington DC 37 4.1 4.4 20.40 0.46
London GB - New York NY 37 6.8 7.3 34.00 0.47
San Francisco CA - Chicago IL 41 3.8 4.1 19.50 0.48
New York NY - Seattle WA 39 4.9 5.3 25.60 0.48
New York NY - Tokyo JP 43 13 13.4 67.10 0.50
London GB - Los Angeles CA 39 10.5 11 55.50 0.50
Chicago IL - London GB 37 7.3 7.7 38.70 0.50
Tokyo JP - New York NY 41 12.2 12.6 63.50 0.50
London GB - Chicago IL 39 7.8 8.3 43.30 0.52
Athens GA - New York NY 41 9.4 9.7 58.20 0.60
FSI - HUMAN FACTORS 13
Major Accidents / Incidents
Accidents / Incidents
Manufacturer October November December
Airbus 1 1 0
Boeing 5 4 2
Bombardier 1 1 1
McDonnell Douglas
(Non-Boeing)
1 2 0
Other 4 9 1
Accident / Incident Overview: Fourth Quarter 2003
FSI - HUMAN FACTORS 14
Date Location Aircraft Type Operator Injuries - Fatalities-
Onboard
10/01/03 Liege France 747-241F Cargo Airlines 0 - 0 - ?
The 747 freighter overran runway 05R after landing and skidded into a field. It turned almost 90 degrees to the right and struck the
runway 23L approach lighting system before coming to rest. The nr.1 engine suffered substantial damage.
10/03/03 Christchurch, NZ Convair CV-580 Air Freight NZ 0 - 2 - 2
The Air Freight NZ Convair CV-580 operated on a mail and parcel flight from Christchurch to Palmerston
North. It was already dark when the flight departed Christchurch around 20:30h. Weather at
Christchurch included clouds, rain and a 13-15kt wind. Approximately one hour after departure,
Kapiti Coast residents reported hearing engine noises, a bang and seeing objects fall from the sky.
10/02/03 Leone, France Boeing 747-100 Evergreen 0 - 0 - 4
On October 2, 2003, approximately 0800 Universal Time Coordinated (UTC), a Boeing 747-100, N479EV experienced an inflight
fire in the fire detection card file while in cruise flight approximately 35 miles from Leone, France. None of the four crew members
on board were injured, and the damage to the aircraft was limited to the heat/fire damage within the card file container. The aircraft,
which is owned and operated by Evergreen International Airlines, was in visual meteorological conditions at the time of the incident.
The aircraft was on an IFR flight plan from Kuwait City, Kuwait, to Ramstein, Germany. The aircraft departed Kuwait City at
0148 UTC.
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