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The book discusses in detail the uses and potential
drawbacks of various kinds of barrier systems:
physical or material (e.g., walls, fences, containers
and fi rewalls); functional (e.g., a physical lock that
requires a key or a logical lock that requires some
kind of password or identifi cation); symbolic (e.g.,
warning lights or warning notices); and incorporeal
(laws, rules, guidelines and safety cultures).
FLIGHT SAFETY FOUNDATION • FLIGHT SAFETY DIGEST • JUNE 2005 43
R E S O U R C E S
A Cognitive Approach to Situation Awareness:
Theory and Application. Banbury, Simon;
Tremblay, Sébastien (editors). Aldershot,
England: Ashgate Publishing, 2004. 371 pp.
Tables, fi gures, references, indexes.
“The major impetus of research has been on
the development of techniques to measure
SA [situation awareness], at the expense of a more
rigorous understanding of why SA varies under
certain psychological and environmental conditions,”
say the editors. The book is a collection of
17 papers describing various aspects of the theory
and application from a cognitive perspective — that
is, related to perception, learning and knowledge.
Two papers will be of particular interest to researchers
in aviation psychology.
“Individual Differences in Situation Awareness for
Transportation Tasks,” by Leo Gugerty, Johnell O.
Brooks and Craig A. Treadaway, focuses on how
individual differences in perceptual abilities and
cognitive abilities are related to the ability to perform
navigation and maneuvering. Experimental
studies in both tasks are described.
“Effects of Situation Awareness Training on Flight
Crew Performance,” by Hans-Jürgen Hörmann and
colleagues, reports the results of a study involving
32 airline pilots to evaluate the effects of SA training
on measures of pilots’ behavior, skills and attitudes
toward SA. “The results provided signifi cant empirical
evidence for the effectiveness of the ESSAI
methods to train fl ight crews’ SA and TM [threat
management],” the authors say. “Positive training
effects could be demonstrated on fl ight crew
performance in specifi cally designed assessment
scenarios.” (ESSAI — Enhanced Safety Through
Situation Awareness Integration — is a European
research consortium that has developed a comprehensive
training program for SA and TM.)
Aviation Century: The Golden Age. Dick, Ron;
Patterson, Dan. Erin, Ontario, Canada: Boston
Mills Press, 2004. 288 pp. Photographs (color
and black-and-white), bibliography, index.
Like its predecessor in the Aviation Century
series, World War II (Flight Safety Digest,
April 2005, p. 23), this volume combines detailed
text with historical photographs and modern
photographs by Dan Patterson to illuminate
an earlier era of aviation. “The Golden Age”
of the book’s title was the 1920s and 1930s.
Much of civilian aviation early in this period was
show business, conducted by stunt pilots known
as “barnstormers.” Nevertheless, there were pilots
who continued to extend aviation’s possibilities.
Charles Lindbergh’s solo trans-Atlantic fl ight in
1927 especially caught the public imagination,
yet there were other, equally daring pioneers:
John Alcock and Arthur Whitten-Brown, two
British pilots who were the fi rst to fl y nonstop
across the Atlantic from Newfoundland, Canada,
to Northern Ireland in 1919; Bert Hinkler, an
Australian who made the fi rst solo fl ight from
England to Australia in 1928; and Amy Johnson,
who, with 85 fl ight hours of single-pilot experience,
flew solo from Croydon, England, to
Port Darwin, Australia, in a de Havilland Gipsy
Moth. (Johnson said of her feat of fl ying halfway
around the world in an airplane powered by a 100-
horsepower engine, “The prospect did not frighten
me, because I was so appallingly ignorant that I
never realized in the least what I had taken on.”)
Military aviation also eventually resumed its progress,
despite the frequent skepticism of high-ranking
offi cers and, in Germany, in violation of the armslimitation
provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. By the
time of the Spanish Civil War (beginning in 1936), dive
bombing was practiced in earnest, monoplanes were
beginning to replace biplanes and German transports
carried 14,000 Spanish Nationalist troops and their
equipment to Spain from North Africa.
“This volume of Aviation Century tells a tale of romance
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