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coverage areas enhanced by the natural ability of HF radio signals to support extra long-range
communications beyond the primary coverage areas through multi-hop propagation, provide high
availability HFDL communications worldwide. Strength of the HFDL system is that the aircraft need not
communicate with the closest HGS for message delivery. The HFDR will select the HGS with a frequency
with strong signal to noise characteristics with which to communicate.
ARINC is currently the only service provider who offers an HFDL service.
Figure 2. Worldwide SITA VHF AIRCOM ACARS Coverage
Figure 3. Worldwide SITA VDL Mode 2 Coverage
10
FANS-1/A Datalink Communications Environment
Figure 4, ARINC GLOBALink World Wide VHF Coverage
Figure 5, ARINC GLOBALink North American VDL Mode 2 Coverage
11
FANS-1/A Datalink Communications Environment
Figure 6, ARINC GLOBALink VDL Mode 2
Figure 7, ARINC GLOBALink HFDL Operational Ground Stations
12
FANS-1/A Datalink Communications Environment
5.2.3 Satellite Datalink, also Referred to as SATCOM
Satellite Datalink Services depend on the following elements:
Inmarsat I3 Satellites Supporting Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS):
Atlantic Ocean Region-East (AOR-E)
Atlantic Ocean Region-West (AOR-W)
Indian Ocean Region-(IOR)
Pacific Ocean Region-(POR)
Ground Earth Stations (GES) to:
Provide links via the Inmarsat Satellites
Interface with the SITA Terrestrial Network
Aeronautical Earth Stations (AES) to:
Provide the aircraft interface to the Inmarsat satellites
Note: The satellite service which is used to support ACARS and FANS is generally called the Inmarsat
“classic” aeronautical service. There are a number of services used to provide the “classic” aero service.
These services vary in capability, coverage, equipment size, and cost. The main services currently in use
for FANS-1/A are:
• Aero H. Multi-channel voice, 10.5kbps fax and data, delivered via a high-gain antenna within the
satellites' global beams.
• Aero H+. Multi-channel voice, 10.5kbps fax and data, delivered via a high-gain antenna within
the spot beams of the Inmarsat-3 satellites and the full footprint of the Inmarsat-4 Atlantic Ocean
Region (AOR) satellite, at a lower cost per connection.
• Aero I. Multi-channel voice, 4.8kbps circuit-mode data and fax, delivered via an intermediategain
antenna. Also supports low-speed packet data. Available in the spot beams of the
Inmarsat-3 satellites and the full footprint of the Inmarsat-4 AOR satellite
Figure 8 shows the Inmarsat I3 satellites as well as the GESs supporting the Inmarsat AMSS service.
Note: The Yamaguchi and Goonhilly GES are no longer available for data (ACARS) service, and it is
planned to decommission Southbury in 2008.
Appendix A provides details of any Satellite upgrades implemented or planned to be implemented.
5.2.3.1 GES
Each GES has a GES operator. The SITA Satellite AIRCOM Service uses the Aussaguel GES operated
by Vizada and the Perth GES operated by Stratos/Xantic. The ARINC Satellite Service uses the Eik,
Southbury, and Santa Paula GESs operated by Telenor. All GESs were manufactured by NERA.
An ATSP connected to SITA can communicate with aircraft using the ARINC Satellite service GESs via
SITA-ARINC ATS internetworking. An ATSP connected to ARINC can communicate with aircraft using
the SITA Satellite AIRCOM Service via ARINC-SITA ATS internetworking.
Appendix A provides details of any GES upgrades implemented or planned to be implemented.
5.2.3.2 Aeronautical Earth Station
The SATCOM aircraft avionics that interface with the Inmarsat satellites are called aeronautical earth
stations (AESs.) A Satellite Data Unit (SDU) and Radio Frequency Unit (RFU) comprise the AES. To
establish a SATCOM session, the AES must logon to a GES. The AES determines what GES to logon to
based on the owner requirements table (ORT) which can be setup based upon airline commercial
preferences based on their CSP preference and other commercial considerations. In addition, it is
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FANS-1/A Datalink Communications Environment
possible for the flight crew to override the automatic GES selection through manual selection. The logon
provides information about the AES to the GES, such, as channel data rates supported.
Figure 8 Inmarsat Aeronautical Global and Spot Beam Coverage
x
x
Shut Down Feb 28, 2007
Data (ACARS) Service Shut
Down Mar 31, 2006
Southbury Planned to be
decommissioned in 2008*
Eik Planned to also support AOR-W in 2008*
5.2.3.3 SATCOM Data Channel Types and Traffic Types
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