European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions(24)

Useful Web sites
www.eurocontrol.int
www.airports.org
www.aci-europe.org
www.iata.org
www.caa.co.uk

Appendix E. Flight Crew Best Practice
The aim of this appendix is to highlight some of the causal or contributory factors that have resulted in runway safety occurrences, and which were identified during the runway safety survey.
Aircraft Operators are invited to review the materials put forward in this document, and where necessary, amend their Standard Operating Practices with regard to ground operations.

Critical phase of flight
The number of ground movements on airports has increased significantly during the last decades. To provide the necessary capacity on the ground, it was necessary to continuously review the layout of the taxiway infrastructure. The taxiway system on major airports has become more and more complex.
With the evolutionary process of enhancement and change accelerating in recent times, it remains imperative that all flight crew remain aware of the signage and markings currently being applied. Every opportunity to familiarise one self should be taken, and where possible, information critical to safe aerodrome operations, should be shared.
The current generation of aircraft are highly automated and complex systems, that have allowed preparing and programming the total flight on the ground. This has resulted in flight deck workload peaks to be shifted from the previous critical flight phase to the ground phase of aircraft operations. These evolutions are irreversible, and appropriate measures should be undertaken to address the situation.
Consequently the taxi phase should be treated as a “critical phase of flight”.

Planning for taxi operations
The key-point in the prevention of runway incursions, is to apply better preventative measures during the taxi-phase. Reduced workload will provide for increased attention to the taxi phase and allow an updated and accurate positional and situational awareness. This situation can be further enhanced by assigning one crew member to progressively monitor the progress of the flight against the aerodrome chart.

Airport familiarisation
Departing from or arriving at an airport can be prepared well in advance. Thorough planning for taxi operation is essential. This prepa-ration should be done at the gate or prior to starting descent.
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Prepare the necessary charts for taxi and have them available for use during taxi

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Take some time to study the airport layout.

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Use the ATIS information and your previous experience to determine the possible taxi routes

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Remember to review the latest NOTAM for both the Departure and Arrival airport for information concerning construction or taxiway/runway closures. Visualise this information on the charts

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Standard taxi routes are used more often at busy airports. Review the routes you can expect
　
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