European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions(13)

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To maintain high levels of situational awareness it is also recommended that communications for all operations on a runway (landing, departing, crossing aircraft, vehicles crossing and runway inspections etc.) take place on the frequency assigned for that runway (Doc. 4444, 7.5.3.1.2). To accommodate vehicles that are equipped with UHF radios only, frequency 'coupling' should be employed to ensure that all UHF communications associated with runway operations are simultaneously transmitted on the appropriate VHF frequency (and vice versa).

Aerodrome Control Phraseologies
Use of established standard ICAO phraseologies for radio telephony communication between aircraft and ground stations is essential to avoid misunderstanding the intent of the messages, and to reduce the time required for communication. ICAO phraseology shall be used in all situations for which it has been specified. When standardised phraseology for a particular situation has not been specified, plain language shall be used. An extract from the ICAO Standard that states this requirement is as follows:
Annex 10 Volume 11 para 5.1.1.1  “In all situations for which standard radio telephony phraseology is specified, it shall be used.”
All personnel involved in operations associated with runways must use clear, concise and unambiguous phraseologies. Such usage will ensure that safety levels are maintained or improved upon. In PANS-ATM chapter 12 the standard phraseologies are stated, and in Annex 11 chapter 3.7.3 one can find the regulations regarding read-backs.
The use of full call-signs of all traffic operating on or in close proximity to a runway has been identified as a critical element in enhancing safety for runway operations. Whilst the ICAO provisions allow for use of abbreviated call-signs in certain circumstances, it is deemed Best Practice not to apply any shortening of call-sign in this situation.

Example ICAO  Phraseologies
Listed below are some of the relevant key ICAO phraseologies contained within those documents, applicable for operations on runways. It should be noticed that these phraseologies apply to air traffic controllers, pilots, and when applicable, to vehicle drivers.
Note 1: Words in parentheses ( ) indicate that specific information, such as a level, a place or a time, etc., must be inserted to complete the phrase, or alternatively that optional phrases may be used. Words in square parentheses [ ] indicate optional additional words or information that may be necessary in specific instances.
Note 2: The detailed phrases listed below do not form the complete phrases to be used, nor do they represent the total number listed in ICAO PANS/ATM (Doc 4444) where a complete listing is available in Chapter 12. They refer to those elements considered crucial to runway safety aspects.
a) TAXI PROCEDURES
For departure
ATC (call sign) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] [RUNWAY (number)]
Or where detailed taxi instructions are required
　
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