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for use of military WB unprotected systems.
Commercial WB services are available in the C, X, Ku, and Civilian Ka-Bands.
DATA STANDARDS
The DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy is a key enabler of the DoD’s transformation by establishing the
foundation for managing the Department’s data in a net-centric environment. Key attributes of the
strategy include:
Ensuring data are visible, accessible, understandable, and trustable when needed and where needed to
accelerate decision-making
“Tagging” of data (intelligence, non-intelligence, raw, and processed) with metadata to enable
discovery by known and unanticipated users in the enterprise
Posting of data to shared spaces for users to access except when limited by security, policy, or
regulations
Data standards are intended to ensure that data from on-board sensors and payloads can be processed and
interpreted by any user. Some of the categories of data standards include still imagery, motion imagery,
signals, radar complex or video phase history data, hyper spectral imagery data, acoustic, chemical
detection, biological detection, and nuclear detection weapons data.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX E – INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS
Page E-9
DoD Discovery Metadata Specification
Interoperability between UA systems, and between UA and other platform types will only be
accomplished when all platforms share the same common format for metadata. The DoD discovery
metadata specification (DDMS) defines discovery metadata elements for resources posted to community
and organizational shared spaces. “Discovery” is the ability to locate data assets through a consistent and
flexible search. The DDMS specifies a set of information fields that are to be used to describe any data or
service asset that is made known to the enterprise, and it serves as a reference for developers, architects,
and engineers by laying a foundation for discovery services. Accordingly, the near-term goal of the
DDMS, coupled with DoD policy and guidance, is to facilitate enterprise discovery of data assets at the
summary, or macro level. The DDMS will be employed consistently across DoD’s disciplines, domains
and data formats.
STANAG 4586 (Standard Interfaces of UAV Control System)
STANAG 4586 defines the architectures, interfaces, communication protocols, data elements, message
formats and identifies related STANAGs with which compliance is required to operate and manage
multiple legacy and future UA in a complex NATO combined/joint services operational environment. The
UCS architecture encompasses the core UCS to handle UA common/core processes, the data link
interface to enable operations with legacy as well as future UA systems, the command control and
interface for UA and UA payload data dissemination to support legacy and evolving NATO C4I systems
and architectures, and the HCI requirements to support the interface to the UA system operators. Five
levels of interoperability are defined to accommodate operational requirements. This STANAG contains
the messages which support the EO/IR, SAR, communications relay, and stores (e.g., weapons, payloads.)
across the data link interface (DLI). As additional payloads are defined, the STANAG will be updated to
incorporate those payloads.
NATO ISR Interoperability Architecture
The NATO ISR interoperability architecture includes a number of standards that are applicable to ISR
systems. These standards cover the critical interfaces in the ISR data chain. It should be noted that while
these standards are published by NATO, they were all initiated by U.S. activities, and in many cases are
directly compatible with current U.S. standards.
STANAG 4545 (Secondary Imagery Format)
A still imagery format has been in place since the late 1980s. The original format was developed for
national imagery and was given the name: national imagery transmission format (NITF). NITF 2.1 (MILSTD
2500B change notice 2) is the current version of the standard and is equivalent to the NATO
Secondary Imagery Format (NSIF - STANAG 4545). Over the years the format has been extended to
airborne imagery. The standard addresses still imagery taken from EO/IR/Radar sensors.
NITF/NSIF also prescribes the compression standards for this imagery. JPEG is the primary compression
used for imagery but there are other compression standards that may be used for specific and unique
applications (e.g. lossless JPEG, vector quantization). NIMA has proposed the implementation of JPEG
2000 in a next version of the NITF/NSIF standard. JPEG 2000 should support new CONOPS for how
NITF/NSIF is to be used. NITF/NSIF also implements data extensions to support the transmission of
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