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variations of the reconnaissance role with UAS, implying the underlying requirements are of a long-term,
enduring validity and therefore can be expected to continue throughout the period of this Roadmap.
These five roles, and the succession of UAS, procured or attempted, to fill them, see Table 3.1-1.
TABLE 3.1-1. HISTORICALLY VALIDATED UAS ROLES.
UAS Role: Brigade/division asset for RSTA
Proponent: Army, Marine Corps
Heritage: Falconer (1950-60s) – Aquila (1970-80s) – Pioneer (1980-2000s)-Dragon Drone
(1990s) – Outrider (1990s) – Shadow 200 (2000s)
UAS Role: Shipborne asset for reconnaissance and weapon support
Proponent: Navy
Heritage: DASH (1960s) – Project Blackfly (1970s) – Pioneer (1980-2000s) – Fire Scout
(2000s)
UAS Role: Small unit asset for over-the-hill reconnaissance
Proponent: Marine Corps
Heritage: Bikini (1960s) – Pointer (1980-90s) – Dragon Eye (2000s)
UAS Role: Survivable asset for strategic penetrating reconnaissance
Proponent: Army/Air Force/Navy
Heritage: Osprey (1960s) – D-21 (1960s) – Classified Program (1980s) – DarkStar (1990s) –
JUCAS (2000s)
UAS Role: High altitude endurance asset for standoff reconnaissance
Proponent: Air Force
Heritage: Compass Arrow (1960s) – Compass Dwell (1970s) – Compass Cope (1970s) –
Condor (1980s) – Global Hawk (1990-2000s)
3.2 COMBATANT COMMANDER REQUIREMENTS FOR UAS
Each COCOM annually submits a prioritized IPL of shortfalls in that theater’s warfighting capabilities.
IPLs are the seminal source of joint requirements from our nation’s warfighters and possess three
essential attributes as requirements sources. They are (1) “direct from the field” in pedigree , (2) joint in
perspective, and (3) reexamined annually, so their requirements remain both current and auditable over
the years. At SECDEF direction, the latest IPLs (for FY06-11) changed their focus from identifying
programmatic challenges to capability gaps and tied these gaps to the five QDR-defined “operational
risk” categories (battlespace awareness (BA), command and control (C2), focused logistics (FL), force
application (FA), and force protection (FP)).
Of the 50 capability gaps specified in the FY06-11 IPLs, 27 (54 percent) are capabilities that are
currently, or could potentially be, addressed by UAS. Four of the 27 shortfalls specifically identified
unmanned platforms as a desired solution. Table 3.2-1 depicts where the COCOMs place their priorities
(1-8) on these 27 capability gaps that UA, current and potential, could fill. Red are functions UA do
SECTION 3 - REQUIREMENTS
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UAS ROADMAP 2005
today (e.g., surveillance, force protection) and yellow those that are under development (e.g.,
communications relay, electronic attack). The figure visually shows that UA have a role to play in the top
half of all COCOMs' priorities, including supporting the #1 priority for five of the nine COCOM, plus
NORAD. All of the red ones fall in the top three for every COCOM, showing the COCOM's
'appreciation' for what UA are doing for them today. Additional detail can be found at
www.acqs.osd.pentagon.smil.mil/uas/.
TABLE 3.2-1. IPL PRIORITIES FOR UAS-RELATED APPLICATIONS BY COCOM.
Priority
CENTCOM
EUCOM
JFCOM
NORTHCOM
NORAD
PACOM
SOUTHCOM
SOCOM
STRATCOM
TRANSCOM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Of the five joint functional categories (JFC) examined in the IPL process, Table 3.2-2 counts the total
number of UAS-related IPLs in each. Battlespace awareness shortfalls call for additional surveillance
platforms with persistence and multi-capable sensors, such as provided by increased numbers of Global
Hawks, Predators, and other endurance UAS. Command and control shortfalls call for increases in
tactical communications, such as could be provided by communication relay payloads on endurance UA
(e.g., DARPA/Army AJCN). Force application shortfalls call for survivable, quick response, precision
strike combined with actionable intelligence, such as the Predator/Hellfire and Predator B/GBU-12
provide and future J-UCAS will provide. Protection shortfalls call for increased base security and
CBRNE reconnaissance, for which roles a number of small UAS types are now deployed (Dragon Eye,
FPASS, ScanEagle) are being developed.
TABLE 3.2-2. UAS-RELATED IPL ITEMS BY JOINT FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY.
Joint Functional
Category
Battlespace
Awareness
Command &
Control
Focused
Logistics
Force
Application
Force
Protection
Number of UArelated
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