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sensors
Integrated SIGINT
architecture
10 20 30
FIGURE 4.4-5. SIGINT SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FORECAST.
05 10 15 20 25
Calendar Years
30
REGIME: All altitudes, small/lightweight systems to complex, heavy sensors
ENABLERS: HSI/imaging system integration, focal plane technology, chem/bio aerosol phenomenology,
materials science phenomenology, ATC/ATR algorithm development incorporating HSI, offboard
system integration, very wideband comms, improved efficiency lidars, range-gating algorithms
MISSIONS: Hyperspectral cueing (low-res), effluent/aerosol detection and ID, materials databases, RF
characterization, battle management (MTI), anti-CCD imagery, “seeing through [walls/forests]”,
subsurface imaging, obscured IMINT, 3D imaging/battlefield simulation, specific vehicle/target
identification, SAR decoy detection
Multispectral Hyperspectral
Initial
LIDAR Systems
Hyperspectral cueing
High resolution
Hyperspectral imaging
LIDAR FOPEN/imaging through clouds
FIGURE 4.4-6. MASINT SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FORECAST.
Now 2010 2015
Mechanical/2D
ESA
GMTI
Active ESA
AMTI
GMTI – Track
UHF/VHF FOPEN
Radar
SIGINT
Ladar
HSI
Video
EO/IR/MSI
AMTI - Track
GMTI - Identify
Day/Night EO/IR
Limited MSI
Proliferated MSI
Miniaturized systems
High resolution wet-film
equivalent mass storage,
coverage rates
Platform-specific sensors
QRCs for specific signals
of interest
Family of systems,
Modular architecture
allowing incorporation of
QRC functionality
Air/Space integrated architecture
Miniaturized SIGINT sensors for
micro-UAVs, tailored for personal
comms devices
3D Ladar demos 3D Ladar systems
Imagery through clouds/trees
Multidiscriminant Ladar
Active spectral determination
Polarization
Low/medium resolution
Target cueing
Lightweight integrated cueing systems
Onboard processing
Day/night capability
Active illumination
Medium/high resolution
Panchromatic
Proprietary formats
Data format standards
HDTV sensors
Integrated target designation
Lightweight multispectral systems
Autonomous operation
J-UCAS target search/ID functions
FIGURE 4.4-7. FORECAST SENSOR CAPABILITIES.
Page 60
UAS ROADMAP 2005
4.4.2 Communication Relay
By 2010, existing and planned capacities are forecast to meet only 44 percent of the need projected by
Joint Vision 2010 to ensure information superiority. A separate study, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as
Communications Platforms, dated November 4, 1997, was conducted by OSD (C3I). Its major
conclusions regarding the use of an UA as an airborne communication node (ACN) were:
Tactical communication needs can be met much more responsively and effectively with ACNs than
with satellites.
ACNs can effectively augment theater satellite capabilities by addressing deficiencies in capacity and
connectivity.
Satellites are better suited than UA for meeting high capacity, worldwide communications needs.
ACNs can enhance intra-theater and tactical communications capacity and connectivity by providing 1)
more efficient use of bandwidth, 2) extending the range of existing terrestrial LOS communications
systems, 3) extending communication to areas denied or masked to satellite service, and 4) providing
significant improvement in received power density compared to that of satellites, improving reception and
decreasing vulnerability to jamming.
DARPA’s AJCN is developing a modular, scalable communication relay payload that can be tailored to
fly on a RQ-4/Global Hawk and provide theater-wide support (300 nm diameter area of coverage) or on a
RQ-7/Shadow for tactical use (60 nm diameter area). In addition to communications relay, its intended
missions are SIGINT, electronic warfare, and information operations. Flight demonstrations began in
2003, and the addition of a simultaneous SIGINT capability is planned by 2010.
4.4.3 Weapons
4.4.4
If combat UA are to achieve most of their initial cost and stealth advantages by being smaller than their
manned counterparts, they will logically have smaller weapons bays and therefore need smaller weapons.
Smaller and/or fewer weapons carried per mission means lethality must be increased to achieve equal or
greater mission effectiveness. Achieving lethality with small weapons requires precision guidance (in
most cases) and/or more lethal warheads. Ongoing technology programs are providing a variety of
precision guidance options; some are in the inventory now. With the advent of some innovative wide killarea
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