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FIGURE 4.3-4. UA PERFORMANCE METRIC: ENDURANCE V. COST.
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UAS ROADMAP 2005
RQ-4A Global Hawk
1,000
100
10
Payload Capacity, Lb
Endurance, Hrs
10,000
0 10 20 30 40
RQ-7A Shadow
RQ-2B Pioneer
RQ-8 Fire Scout
X-50
RQ-5 Hunter ER/MP
MQ-9A Predator B
MQ-1B Predator
RQ-4B Global Hawk
Systems in red italics use notional
values for payload and endurance
J-UCAS
A-160
Dragon Eye
FPASS
Raven
Pointer
Dragon Drone
Neptune
Tern
Silver Fox
Scan Eagle
RQ-7B Shadow
RQ-7 Plus
CQ-10 Snowgoose
I-Gnat-ER
Aerosonde
4.4.1 Sensors
FIGURE 4.4-1. UA PAYLOAD CAPACITY VS. ENDURANCE.
Requirements for sensing payloads on UA extend not just to intelligence collection and reconnaissance
surveillance and target acquisition to provide operations support, but also to weapons delivery, due to
their reliance on detecting and identifying the target to meet rules of engagement (ROE) constraints and to
improve aim point accuracy. The dominant requirement for sensing is for imaging (visible, infrared, and
radar), followed by signals (for the SIGINT and SEAD missions), chemical (WMD), biological (WMD),
radiological (WMD), meteorological (METOC), and magnetic (anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and
MCM). Figures 4.4-2 through 4.4-6 depict expected developments in imaging, signals, and
measurements and signatures intelligence (MASINT) sensors over the next 20 years by technology and by
system, as well as describing the regimes in which such sensors must perform, the enablers necessary to
improve present capabilities, and the missions for which each is applicable. Figure 4.4-7 then forecasts
developments by sensor type between now and 2015.
Recommended Investment Strategy: See “goals” developed in Appendix B.
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UAS ROADMAP 2005
05 10 15 20 25
Calendar Years
REGIME: Medium to high altitude, relatively sophisticated sensors beyond video capabilities
ENABLERS: Wideband data links/architecture, focal plane arrays, lightweight optics, lightweight rigid structures,
lightweight mass storage arrays (digital storage equivalent to wet film pixels/pound), onboard
processing, ATC/ATR algorithm development,
MISSIONS: Broad area reconnaissance, high resolution spot imagery, standoff recce, intel preparation of the
battlefield, positive target identification, battle damage assessment
Panchromatic
30
Multispectral Hyperspectral
FIGURE 4.4-2. STILL IMAGERY SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FORECAST.
REGIME: All altitudes, all vehicle classes except MAVs
ENABLERS: Miniaturized focal plane arrays, tactical line-of-sight datalinks, NRT sensor-to-shooter architecture,
autonomous vehicle/sensor ops, internet on the battlefield
MISSIONS: Low threat surveillance, over-the-hill/behind-the-building imagery, treaty verification, “stakeouts”,
force protection/picket duty, precision strike/BDA, target designation
ERMP, MAV J-UCAS Recce,
Target Designation
Follow-on J-UCAS
Recce Variant
MTS/Laser Designator HDTV
Proprietary
Formats
JTA Compliant Formats
05 10 15 20 25
Calendar Years
30
FIGURE 4.4-3. MOTION/VIDEO IMAGERY SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FORECAST.
05 10 15 20 25
Calendar Years
30
Mechanically
Scanned Array
Mechanical/
2D ESA Active ESA
REGIME: All altitudes, all vehicle classes except micro-UAVs
ENABLERS: Scalable ESA systems, operationalized FOPEN sensors/algorithms,onboard/offboard image
enhancement (improved resolution, coherent change detection), aircraft electrical generator
improvements (watts/pound,power extraction efficiency)
MISSIONS: Broad area reconaissance, ground/air moving target imagery, intel prep of the battlefield, precision
guided munition targeting data, NRT sensor-to-shooter/sensor-to-bullet data transfer, mapping,
cueing
MP-RTIP UHF/VHF FOPEN
GMTI AMTI GMTI - track AMTI - track GMTI - identify AMTI - identify
Single Pass DTED
FIGURE 4.4-4. RADAR IMAGERY SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FORECAST.
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UAS ROADMAP 2005
05 15 25
Calendar Years
REGIME: All altitudes, all vehicle classes
ENABLERS: Scalable SIGINT systems, decryption software development, dense environment algorithms,
conformal/multipurpose antennas
MISSIONS: Threat warning, cueing for imagery/electronic warfare, situational awareness, threat database, strat
ELINT/COMINT
Stratified by altitude,
vehicle characteristics
(stealth, SWAP)
Requirements-based
allocation across
manned/unmanned aircraft, space
Mission-specific
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