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Figure C-2 illustrates the Predator operating in a deployed mode. It maintains contact with its GCS
through a line of sight data link or via over the horizon Ku-band satellite link to the Predator Primary
Satellite Link (PPSL). Video feeds are then piped out to the DCGS and the Air Operations Center (AOC)
through theater communications or the Defense Information Services Network (DISN). Video is also
broadcast to a virtually unlimited number of users through the Global Broadcast Service (GBS) via the
GBS inject facility.
CL
Video
GBS Inject
AOC
DCGS
GBS
GCS
PPSL
FOL
RL
LOS
Ku
Users
Target
EO/IR
Users SAR
Video
RL
CL
Ops Cell
Video
Theater Comm/
DISN
FIGURE C-2. PREDATOR OPERATING IN DEPLOYED MODE.
Figure C-3 illustrates, the Predator communications architecture during RSO. In this mode, the LRE
controls the Predator via line of sight data link for launch and recovery. After take off, the GCS assumes
control via Ku-band SATCOM link and DISN Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Services (DATMS)
network. Sensor product is then passed to the DCGS and the GBS inject point via DATMS.
Radios
Every aspect of military operations depends on wireless voice and data communications. Over the years
many non-interoperable systems were built and fielded to meet a broad range of specific Service
requirements.
While providing much needed capability, this approach created problems. Dissimilar hardware has
complicated spares provisioning and radio maintenance. Specialized receiver/transmitter units could only
communicate with compatible radios. This impacted Joint Operations where communications and
collaboration are needed to enable important new capabilities that often result from unprecedented but
innovative combinations of disparate forces.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-5
CL
GBS PIP
DCGS with GIG Services AOC
LRE
PPSL
FOL
RL
LOS
Ku
Target
EO/IR
SAR
RL
CL
DATMS
GCS, Ops Cell
MOB
DATMS
GBS
Video
IOL
Video
FIGURE C-3. PREDATOR REMOTE SPLIT OPERATIONS.
DoD needs a new radio development process to improve flexibility and interoperability, and to streamline
logistic support to DoD radios across the defense enterprise.
Lessons Learned
UA operations in Afghanistan and Iraq highlighted and validated the following needs:
Real time and near real time video broadcast
Real time secure collaborative communications
• Voice over IP
• Voice telephone
• SIPRNET chat
Access to systems data, independent of system control, available to a large number of users
SATCOM reach back for BLOS command and control and product dissemination
Broad experience with military radios and joint operations highlighted the need for an enterprise wide
approach to the development and fielding of interoperable, software defined radios based on a common
set of hardware components.
VISION
The vision for UA communications takes into account the documented need for broadband, broad based,
seamless information sharing and the lessons learned from operational experience. This section will
outline the UA communications themes, highlight and describe the current programs and DoD initiatives
that most directly impact UA communications, provide a functional model for modularized UA design,
and identify impediments to achieving net-centricity. The vision for UA communications is an evolution
from a dedicated circuit to a web enabled interface over the next 10-15 years. Figure C-4 illustrates this
vision.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-6
GIG
UA Control Station
Control Station as
Edge Device on the GIG
Provides Communications
Services to/from the UA
UA
Closed Circuit
Data Link
Network
Interface
GIG
UA Control Station
UA as
Edge Device on the GIG
GIG Access to UA Functions
and Products
UA
Network
Interface
Network
Interface
GIG
UA as
Part of the GIG
Adds Capability to the GIG
UA
Network
Interfaces
Today 5-10 years 10 + Years
FIGURE C-4. UA PROGRESSION FROM CIRCUIT BASED TO NET-CENTRIC COMMUNICATIONS.
Themes
The following “Communications Themes” set the tone for this section and are provided to guide new
systems development and legacy system migration.
Implement an Internet Protocol (IP) based UA networking architecture
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