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Private vendors have the option to refuse service to the U.S.
The FY2002 DoD Transformational Communications Study identified the need to vastly improve military
communication systems and reduce reliance on foreign commercial SATCOM vendors; as a next step in
the improvement process, they developed the TCA. The defined architecture should support: protected
tactical services as a follow-on to the MILSTAR and Advanced Extremely High Frequency EHF (AEHF)
programs; wideband services as a replacement or follow-on for the Defense Satellite Communications
System (DSCS), GBS, and Wideband Gapfiller System (WGS); protected strategic services as a followon
to the MILSTAR, Interim-Polar and AEHF programs; data relay/retrieval and command forwarding
services support for satellites and high-altitude aircraft and UA; and narrowband services to support
mobile and handheld services as a replacement or follow-on for the UHF Follow-On (UFO) mission area.
The TCA expresses a framework for seamless, IP based orbiting communications systems with an
interface to the terrestrial component of the GIG, GIG-BE, through teleports. The TCA provides an
orbiting network of optical and RF communications relays using Internet routers moving information
between ground, air, and space nodes. Figure C-6 shows the TCA constellation of satellites, its
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-12
connectivity to GIG-BE via teleports and direct connectivity to manned and unmanned airborne
platforms.
FIGURE C-6. THE TRANSFORMATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE.
MILSATCOM through 2015. Under the current schedule WGS, DSCS, and GBS Phase II deployment
begins in 2005. Advanced EHF satellite deployment begins in 2005, as well. However, Mobile User
Objective System (MUOS) deployment does not begin until 2008, which will require commercial
augmentation.
LaserComm
Airborne and orbiting optical data links, or LaserComm, will offer data rates two to five orders of
magnitude greater than those of the best future RF systems, and provide a direct connection between high
flying UAs, such as Global Hawk, and TSAT in the 2013 time frame. Key technical challenges remain,
however. Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking (PAT) technologies, that ensure the laser link was both
acquired and maintained have not yet been perfected. Although LaserComm could surpass RF in terms of
airborne data transfer rate, RF will continue to dominate at the lower altitudes for some time into the
future because of its better all-weather capabilities.
Information Assurance
IA protection is required in each GIG domain (information, communications, and management and
control). The GIG features a protected black core supporting multiple security levels with edge-to-edge
protection for information flows (Figure C-7). Key security features will include:
authentication/encryption; network control policy functions; packet header masking on high-risk
communications; and dynamic intrusion/attack detection and reaction capability.
AEHF
(1,2,3) WGS (5 GEO)
(X, Ka)
AWS/TSAT
(5 GEO)
Adv Polar
(3 HIO)
RF
Laser
IC Backbone
GIG BE/Teleport Connectivity
MUOS
(6 GEO)
JTRS / Wireless Connectivity
• TCA will remove communications as a constraint to warfighter opreations
– Vastly more capacity; voice, video, and data services
– Seamless connectivity between terrestrial, wireless, and SATCOMus ers
– Exfiltration & relay of unprecedented amounts of tactical sensor information
• TCA uniquely enables transformationawl arfightingdoctrine/organizations
– Dynamic, self organizing networks, any source to any destination
– High data rates across multiple subnets with prioritization, quliaty of service
– Provides broadband, protected access towarfighterson the move
– Supports DoD, Intelligence Community, and NASA
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-13
FIGURE C-7. BLACK TRANSPORT EDGE-TO-EDGE.
DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy
For data from one computer or software application to be useable in a different computer or software
application, that data must be in a format that is compatible to both. Traditionally, DoD has accomplished
this compatibility through data administration, standardizing and controlling data element definitions and
structures across the DoD enterprise. This approach proved too cumbersome, in part due to the constantly
evolving technology and in part due to the sheer scope of the enterprise.
DoD/CIO has since published an updated approach to achieving data interoperability called the DoD Net-
Centric Data Strategy. This approach expands the focus beyond mere standardization of format, to
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