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sensor that will provide greater standoff ranges and highly stabilized gimbals that allow for an
increase in the area of coverage. Its all digital output is Joint Technical Architecture (JTA)
compliant.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar System (ASARS 2A). Dedicated U-2 imaging SAR, capable of
1 foot resolution.
Global Hawk ISS Radar. Dedicated Global Hawk, SAR capable of spot, search, and GMTI modes; 1-
foot resolution.
LYNX. A tactical radar, deployed in various configurations on both manned and unmanned aircraft,
most recently on the Army’s I-GNATs. LYNX has a resolution of 4 inches in the spotlight mode, and
provides GMTI and coherent change detection capabilities.
TESAR. Tactical Endurance Synthetic Aperture Radar (TESAR) is a strip mapping SAR providing
continuous 1 foot resolution imagery. TESAR is flown on Predator.
Tactical UAV radar (TUAVR). A 63-pound SAR/MTI radar for use on Army UA. Provides 1 foot
resolution imagery in strip and spotlight modes and an integrated GMTI capability. The radar has
been demonstrated on Hunter UA.
MISAR. Developed by EADS, this small, Ka-band radar weighs approximately 10 pounds. It has
been demonstrated on the German LUNA UA as well as on U.S. helicopters.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)
While there are many fielded SIGINT systems on airborne platforms today, most are designed
specifically for the platform on which they are employed. Current UA operations have used “clip-in”
kits, basically unique systems developed for a specific application; fortunately, many of these systems are
reprogrammable and have the potential to be used for other applications.
Wet Film
The U-2 maintains a medium resolution wet film capability with the Optical Bar Camera. Advantages of
wet film include very high information density and releasibility to non-DoD users. Broad area synoptic
coverage is still the exclusive purview of wet film systems; without efficient digital mass storage devices,
electronic sensors do not have the ability to capture imagery of broad areas nearly instantaneously, as wet
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX B – SENSORS
Page B-3
film can. Primary drawbacks to wet film are the lack of a near-real-time capability and the extensive
processing facility needs. Improvements to film processing recently have drastically reduced the
requirements for purified water, and the post-processing hazardous material disposal problem, but it still
poses a requirement for specialized ground handling equipment. USAF will terminate funding for Optical
Bar Camera operations and maintenance in FY08.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Multispectral/Hyperspectral Imagery (MSI/HSI). Multispectral (tens of bands) and hyperspectral
(hundreds of bands) imagery combine the attributes of panchromatic sensors to form a literal image of a
target with the ability to extract more subtle information. Commercial satellite products (such as land
remote-sensing satellite (LANDSAT) or systeme pour l’observation de la terre (SPOT)) have made
multispectral data a mainstay of civil applications, with resolution on the order of meters or tens of
meters. Systems designed for military applications are beginning to be tested and in some cases fielded.
Military applications of HSI technology provide the promise for an ability to detect and identify
particulates of chemical or biological agents. Passive HSI imaging of aerosol clouds could provide
advance warning of an unconventional attack. The obvious application for this technology is in the area
of battlefield reconnaissance as well as homeland defense. Though this technology is less mature than
HSI as an imaging system, it should none the less be pursued as a solution to an urgent national
requirement. HSI also provides an excellent counter to common camouflage, concealment, and denial
(CCD) tactics used by adversaries.
Presently, the U-2’s SYERS 2 is the only operational airborne military multi-spectral sensor, providing 7
bands of visual and infrared imagery at high resolution. A prototype hyperspectral imager, the Spectral
Infrared Remote Imaging Transition Testbed (SPIRITT), is in work at the Air Force Research Laboratory.
This sensor is intended for testing on larger high altitude platforms such as Global Hawk, but could also
be carried on the MQ-9 Predator. USAF has also demonstrated a near visual/visual band hyperspectral
system in the TALON RADIANCE series of demonstrations, focused primarily on solving the “tanksunder-
trees” problem.
The Army’s Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) is preparing to demonstrate a
TUAV-class EO/IR sensor with minor modifications to give it multispectral capability. In addition,
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