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one addressing technology-driven capabilities (Section 6.1) and the other operations-driven missions
(Section 6.2), provide guidance for UAS development efforts by the Services and industry. Goals for
unmanned aviation to achieve over the next 25 years are then provided (Section 6.3), and their need to
work in concert with unmanned ground and sea vehicles described (Section 6.4). The key question
addressed in this chapter is: When will the capabilities required to enable the theater commanders’
requirements become available?
6.1 UAS CAPABILITIES ROADMAP
To relate the priorities expressed by the COCOMS in Section 3 to the technologies coming available
within the next 25 years (Section 4), examples of capability metrics (see Table 6.1-1) were devised for
this Roadmap. They identify timeframes for anticipating future capabilities to satisfy the warfighters’
requirements. All references to years are for dates when these capabilities are expected to become
available for fielding based on the technology trends developed in Section 4 and the appendices. Some of
the capabilities described have already been demonstrated in labs; others, primarily in the
communications and processing areas, will be driven by commercial applications.
TABLE 6.1-1. EXAMPLE CAPABILITY METRICS.
Operational
Requirement*
Technology
Requirement
(Section 4) Example Capability Metrics
Availability
(Section 3) Timeframe
BA, FL Endurance Field a heavy fuel-powered tactical UA 2005-10
BA ’’ Field fully automated aerial refueling capability 2010-15
BA ’’ Achieve 40% increased time-on-station with same fuel load 2015-20
FP Signature Field an UA inaudible from 500 to 1,000 ft slant range 2005-10
BA, FA Resolution Field a sensor for detecting targets under trees 2005-10
FP ’’ Distinguish facial features (identify individuals) from 4 nm 2005-10
” Achieve 3 inch resolution in SAR resolution over a 20 nm
BA, FA wide swath 2010-15
BA Data Rate Relay entire COMINT spectrum in real time 2005-10
BA ” Relay entire ELINT spectrum in real time 2025-30
BA, FA ” Relay 100-band hyper-spectral imagery in real time 2010-15
BA, FA ” Relay 1,000-band ultra-spectral imagery in real time 2025-30
BA, FA Algorithm
Processor
Automatic Target Recognition capability for large numbers
of military vehicles 2005-10
C2 Processor
Speed
Provide human-equivalent processor speed and memory in
PC size for airborne use 2025-30
BA, FP ” Map surf zone sea mines in real time 2015-20
BA, FA, FL ” Reduce DTED level 5 data in real time 2020-25
* Based on Joint Functional Capabilities identified in COCOM IPLs.
BA = Battlespace Awareness; FL = Focused Logistics; FP = Force Protection; C2 = Command and Control
FA = Force Application
By bringing together a plot of the predicted appearance of the listed capabilities in Table 6.1-1 with the
timeline of current/planned DoD UAS programs (shown earlier in Figure 2.0-1), a Roadmap of
opportunities for applying emerging capabilities to forthcoming UAS is created. The upper half of Figure
SECTION 6 - ROADMAP
Page 71
UAS ROADMAP 2005
6.1-1 plots the predicted appearance of these capabilities over the next 25 years, with the date of each
centered within a 5-year window of estimated initial availability for fielding. As an example of its use
(see dotted lines on Figure 6.1-1), the information processing speed needed to extract the presence of sea
mines in surf zones in real time from UA video (some 1.8 THz) should become available between 2015
and 2020, which corresponds to the planned introduction of the naval variant of J-UCAS, making this a
reasonable capability to express as a requirement for it, if desired.
Platforms
Payloads
Communications
Information Processing
HFE UAV
Auto aerial refueling
40% SFC / Endurance increase
Inaudible at 500-1000 ft
Detect targets under trees
Distinguish facial features
3 in. resolution / 20 nm swath SAR
Relay COMINT in RT
Relay ELINT in RT
Relay 100-band HSI in RT
Relay 1000-band USI in RT
ATR for vehicles
Human-equivalent processor
Map sea mines in RT
Reduce Level 5 DTED in RT
Example
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Example
FIGURE 6.1-1. UAS CAPABILITIES ROADMAP.
6.2 UAS MISSIONS ROADMAP
Unmanned aviation has historically been limited to the reconnaissance (Firebee, Global Hawk) and strike
(DASH, Predator) missions. Reconnaissance is now a well-established mission for UAS, complementing
manned aircraft in this role. Lessons learned from these ISR platforms point the way to concepts of
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