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5.2.1
Training Goals
1. Future ground stations should be required to be capable of conducting actual and simulated flights
with negligible configuration changes required. (This will not preclude the requirement for stand
alone full mission simulation devices of part task trainers due to high usage mission system time
approaching 24/7 for some systems.)
2. OPTEMPO associated with GWOT demands that training be streamlined, especially “difference”
training associated with system upgrades at forward operating locations. Web-based training should
be considered and modular training packages should be created to allow users to train in blocks as
time permits and as the mission allows.
3. UAS maintenance courses should be provided with dedicated versions of currently fielded systems
and digital technical orders with embedded refresher training.
4. Control maintenance training costs. Consider the use of contractors to maintain systems that require
unique and costly training as an alternative to training military personnel.
5.2 OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS DEVELOPMENT—PARTICIPATING AGENCIES
The potential for using UAS in new and innovative ways has long been acknowledged by many in the
military establishment. It is the function of the Service battle labs to convert such assumptions into
demonstrations of practical application. Originally an Army concept (1992), battle labs have been
established by the Services to address, in the Army’s words, “categories of military activity where there
appears to be the greatest potential for change from current concepts and capabilities, and
simultaneously, the areas where new requirements are emerging.” The dynamic nature of these emerging
requirements underscores the importance of continued funding for these organizations. UAS employment
has figured prominently in the short history of these organizations.
Army
The Army’s Advanced Aviation Technology Directorate (AATD), an element of the U.S. Army Aviation
and Missile Command’s Aviation & Missile Research, Development, & Engineering Center, is located at
Ft Eustis, VA. AATD is focused on developing, integrating, and demonstrating new technologies for
future UAS, specifically the integration of manned and unmanned aviation. It operates four Vigilante UA
testbeds and is in the process of converting an AH-1F Cobra into its optionally piloted unmanned combat
airborne demonstrator (UCAD). It is also developing the Wing Store UA (WSUA) for launch from 2.75-
inch rocket pods carried on helicopters.
The Army’s Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) at Ft Belvoir, VA, employs six
Pointers, six Night Hawks, two Flight Hawks, and one Setter mini-UA, as well as two Camcopter rotary
wing UA, as testbeds for evaluating various night vision and mine countermeasure sensors. NVESD also
assumed responsibility for developing the initial Dragon Warrior prototype, the Sikorsky Cypher II, from
MCWL in late 2000 for further testing and is currently helping develop the Buster mini-UA.
Although none of its six battle labs begun in 1992 is dedicated to UAS, the majority of the Army’s battle
SECTION 5 - OPERATIONS
Page 64
UAS ROADMAP 2005
labs have been involved in exploring various UAS operational concepts. The Air Maneuver Battle Lab at
Ft. Rucker, AL, operates some 30 Exdrones for developing combined UA/helicopter tactics. The
Dismounted Battle Space Battle Lab at Ft. Benning, GA, working in concert with the Marine Corps
Warfighting Lab, has evaluated UA (Camcopter and Pointer) and MAV in urban warfare scenarios at the
military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) McKenna Facility. The Mounted Maneuver Battle Lab at Ft
Knox, KY, focuses on brigade-level-and-below and has an extensive resume of involvement with small
UA for the scouting role and with UA modeling. TRADOC’s Systems Manager (TSM) for UAS at Ft
Rucker, AL, is the Army’s central manager for all combat development activities involving UAS.
5.2.2
5.2.3
Navy and Marine Corps
The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, DC, has a history of exploring new aerodynamic
and propulsion concepts for maritime UAS. Among its innovative UAS concepts have been in-flight
deployable wings, hovering tethered ship decoys, and advanced miniature electric motors. The NRL has
built and flown over a dozen different, original small and MAV designs in recent years.
The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWC/AD) at NAS Patuxent River, MD, maintains a
small UAS test, development, and demonstration team at Webster Field, MD that operates a fleet of
various types of small UA for testing and to assist conops development. NAWC/AD’s maritime
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