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Support Module containing all the required communications and mission coordination capabilities with
which to coordinate and conduct experiments, integrate other capabilities on a need basis, a Predator
modular ground control station, a Predator portable ground control station, schedule priority for two Navy
Predator (RQ-1A) air vehicles located at the Naval Postgraduate School, electro-optical/infrared sensor
ball payloads, and a team of UAS subject matter experts. JOTBS experimentation produces potential
materiel and non-materiel solution sets that are coordinated through Doctrine, Operations, Training,
Material, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities (DOTMLPF) Change Recommendation (DCR) packages
within the JCIDS process. To date, JOTBS focus has been in the Battlespace Awareness Functional
Capability domain and resulted in improved integrated architecture solutions for coherent operation of
multiple UAS and sensor types.
The Joint Technology Center/System Integration Laboratory (JTC/SIL) was established in 1996 at the
Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, AL. Its mission is to provide technical support for virtual prototyping,
common software and interfaces, software verification and validation, interactive user training, and
advanced warfighting experiments (AWEs) for a broad variety of tactical and strategic reconnaissance
assets, as well as C4I systems and interfaces. It has focused on two programs supporting UAS, the TCS
and the multiple unified simulation environment (MUSE). MUSE is being used to explore operational
concepts, train for Army’s Tactical UAV, and to simulate UAS in computer assisted exercises.
Although neither a joint nor a Defense Department organization, the U.S. Coast Guard has been very
active in exploring potential applications of UAS to their missions. Seven UAS experiments have been
sponsored recently by the Coast Guard Research and Development Center (RDC) at Groton, CT. These
have included alien and drug interdiction along the Texas coast and in the Caribbean, UA launch and
recovery systems suspended beneath a parasail as a technique to allow UA operations from otherwise
non-air-capable cutters, a test of the utility of UA to locate and identify various types of boats in open
water, and evaluations of UA in the fisheries protection role off Alaska.
SECTION 5 - OPERATIONS
Page 66
UAS ROADMAP 2005
5.3 OPERATIONS
5.3.1 Current Status of Operations
As of mid-FY04, the U.S. military had some 150 UA (33 systems) deployed in operational units, along
with an equivalent number of small, hand-launched UA in small tactical and special operations units. The
peak of OIF (April 2003) saw 70 UA (14 systems) of five types (Global Hawk, Hunter, Pioneer, Predator,
and Shadow) deployed forward in support of the GWOT. A similar number of small UA of six types
(Dragon Eye, FPASS, Silver Fox, Pointer, Tern, and Raven) were also deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan
at that time. Today's UA inventory (see Table 5.3-1) is based from coast to coast (see Figure 5.3-1) and,
with few exceptions, conducts proficiency flights in restricted airspace. In 2003, the Air Force received a
"national certificate of authorization (COA)" allowing Global Hawk to fly in unrestricted airspace;
however, flights require five days notice to the FAA.
TABLE 5.3-1. CURRENT UAS INVENTORY.
System Unit Base No. of Systems
Global Hawk 12 Recon Sqdn Beale AFB, CA 1 (51 aircraft planned)
Hunter 1 MI BN Hoenfels, Germany 1 (6 aircraft)
15 MI BN Ft. Hood, TX 1 (6 aircraft)
224 MI BN Savannah, GA 1 (6 aircraft)
Pioneer VMU-1 Twenty Nine Palms MCAS, CA 1 (5 aircraft)
VMU-2 Cherry Point MCAS, NC 1 (5 aircraft)
Fleet Composite
Squadron Six
Paxtuxent River, MD 1(3 aircraft)
Predator 11 Recce Sq Indian Springs AAF, NV 5 (20 aircraft)
15 Recce Sd " 5 (20 aircraft)
17 Recce Sq " 2 (12 aircraft)
Shadow 3 Bde, 2 ID Ft. Lewis, WA 1 (4 aircraft)
1 Bde, 25 ID " 1 (4 aircraft)
1 Bde, 1st Cav Ft. Hood, TX 1 (4 aircraft)
2 Bde, 1st Cav " 1 (4 aircraft)
3 Bde, 1st Cav " 1 (4 aircraft)
1 Bde, 82 Abn Ft. Bragg, NC 1 (4 aircraft)
2 Bde, 82 Abn " 1 (4 aircraft)
2 Bde, 1 ID Germany 1 (4 aircraft)
3 Bde, 1 ID " 1 (4 aircraft)
1 Bde, 2 ID Korea 1 (4 aircraft)
2 Bde, 2 ID " 1 (4 aircraft)
1 Bde, 4 ID Ft. Hood, TX 1 (4 aircraft)
2 Bde, 4 ID " 1 (4 aircraft)
29 ID (PA NG) Indian Town Gap, PA 1 (4 aircraft)
56 Bde (MD NG) Baltimore, MD 1 (4 aircraft)
172 SIB Ft. Wainwright, AK 1 (4 aircraft)
1 – 4 UA 3 ID Ft. Stewart, GA 4 (16 aircraft)
Note: Small UAVs are not included as the number of units having hand launched systems are too
numerous to mention.
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