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platform, the need to take steps to control cost growth, as well as to efficiently plan future sensor payloads
that take advantage of commonality wherever possible, becomes a “must” for UA acquisition.
Ideally, wherever possible, different UA should use the same sensor systems for similar mission
requirements. When actual system commonality is not possible, perhaps due to size, weight, or power
considerations, commonality at the high valued subcomponent level, such as focal arrays, optics,
apertures (antennas) or receive/transmit elements for radar systems, can reduce overall sensor costs by
increasing the quantity buys of these critical, often high cost items.
Regardless of sensor or subcomponent commonality, it is imperative that sensors produce data and
relevant metadata in a common, published, accepted format, in compliance with DoD’s Network Centric
Data Strategy, to maximize the utility of the products from UA. OSD is keenly interested that the
Services take steps to bring existing UA systems into compliance with existing data standards to enable
the application of net-centric operational concepts. An emphasis on system commonality and compliance
with data standards will maximize the return on investment that new generation sensors represent.
While improved sensor technology provides new mission capabilities, such as the rapid, accurate
mapping of terrain from UA-borne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (IFSAR) or detection of
recent human activity from stand off ranges using video-based object level change detection or radarbased
coherent change detection, the value of this new data is enhanced by integrating or fusing it with
other information sources, demanding a need to share product over potentially large geographic distances.
Similarly, both OEF and OIF have demonstrated the operational benefits of performing missions using
“reachback’; that is, launching the UA in theater, but actually flying the mission and retrieving the
sensor’s data from back in CONUS. As DoD’s Global Information Grid (GIG) initially provides the
transport layer communications resources in support of this operational concept (see Appendix C),
sensors need to be developed with the idea in mind to combine sensor products together in innovative,
novel, and perhaps currently unanticipated ways to perform the more demanding mission facing DoD
forces today. With the continuing advances in on-board processing capabilities, it will become necessary
to ensure that data from UA sensors are posted at the appropriate phases of processing to the GIG to
enable other users to take advantage of the collected product and not restrict them to only using the
processed product. It is the intent of OSD to work with the Services to help integrate UA data and data
processing capabilities into the GIG, as it matures, while keeping sensor costs in check through
coordinated development and acquisition plus adherence to common standards.
This appendix first reviews and defines the attributes associated with UA sensor systems, and then
considers sensor technologies that will mature over the next 25 years and offer promise for UA
applications. It also accounts for enabling technologies that will allow UA to fully exploit current and
emerging sensor capabilities.
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX B – SENSORS
Page B-2
Existing Sensors
Most current sensor programs are either flying on manned platforms, or are on a mix of manned and
unmanned aircraft. Since there is very little that makes a sensor inherently “manned” or “unmanned”, this
appendix contains both types. Very large, complex sensors flying on dedicated multiengine aircraft are
not considered.
Video/Electro-Optic/Infrared (EO/IR) Sensors
Video. AF Predator and Army Hunter use real-time video systems mounted in turrets. While initial
systems were derivatives of commercial products, retrofit with sensors and designators specific to
military applications is underway. The Air Force is integrating the MTS-A EO/IR laser target
designators/illuminators into Predator; in the same vein, the Army is planning to integrate a
designator into Shadow (RQ-7B).
Global Hawk Integrated Sensor Suite. The ISS consists of a SAR imaging radar with Ground
Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) mode and an EO/IR sensor that produces still imagery.
Senior-Year Electro-optical Reconnaissance System (SYERS 2), formerly SYERS P3I. Dedicated
EO sensor carried by the U-2. A high resolution line scanning camera with a 7-band multispectral
capability is in production.
Advanced EO/IR UA sensor. A high resolution, highly stabilized EO/IR sensor being developed for
Army UA by the Army’s Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate. It consists of a multi field-ofview
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