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format reduces the deleterious effects of repeated image conversion from analog to digital and back along
the image exploitation chain, improving overall image quality at the receiving station. Similarly, tagging
the video frames with timely and complete metadata enables the opportunity to provide automatically
generated precision geo-coordinates (PGM quality). A Department objective is to ensure compliance
with the existing DoD/IC Motion Imagery Standards Board metadata standard and profiles for all full
motion video capable UA.
Timely, accurate, and complete metadata, as well as HDTV-enabled sensors will significantly improve
not only the timeliness of PGM- quality coordinate generation (GRIDLOCK ACTD) but the quality of the
data as well. The rapid, automatic geo-registration of imagery to NGA’s Digital Point Positioning Data
Base (DPPDB), as developed by the GRIDLOCK ACTD, allows for the extraction of highly accurate
coordinates from video imagery in times on the order of 1 minute. The GRIDLOCK process was
successfully demonstrated using Global Hawk SAR imagery during JEFX04 and work is on-going to
integrate Predator’s MTS into the catalog of validated sensors. GRIDLOCK’s capabilities, when
enhanced by high resolution digital motion video, will provide the warfighter with the capability to
provide targeting information for coordinate seeking weapons in near real time. Services and agencies
UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX B – SENSORS
Page B-7
should be encouraged to initiate (continue) digital video sensor demonstration efforts with the objective of
having all motion video sensors (new, replaced or repaired) produce progressive scan, digital video and
standards compliant metadata. A limited operational capability is desired by as soon as possible.
Focal plane array and stabilization technologies. Small and micro UA place a premium on high
performance components that make as little demand as possible on power, weight and volume. The
commercial market for focal plane arrays in consumer goods has increased vastly over the last three
years; the top-of-the-line digital cameras only recently reached the megapixel mark, and now stores
routinely offer 5 megapixel cameras as well as handheld high definition digital video recorders.
While commercial products may emphasize only some of the spectral bands of interest for military
applications, the trend toward more capable systems requiring less battery power and fitting into handheld
cameras can only benefit DoD. The Services should expect vendors to capitalize on this trend and work
to insure that military needs (such as infrared sensitivity, environmental tolerance, and ruggedness) are
represented wherever possible.
Digitally based (single conversion on the array) technology significantly improves the quality of the
information in the data chain, eliminating image degradation from repeated analog-digital-analog
conversions. For this reason, multispectral versions of digital focal arrays are critical. Additionally,
common focal arrays between sensors/platforms are desirable. Service (labs) should be encouraged to
initiate digital multispectral still/video focal array programs with the goal of demonstrating a Predatorclass
high resolution digital IR system within the next few years.
As with high resolution motion video and timely and complete metadata, image stabilization is critical to
obtaining usable information. Technology improvements in stabilization technology (electromechanical
and electromagnetic) permit nominal sensor mounting systems to achieve stabilization accuracies in the
tens of micro radians. Similarly, high end stabilization systems are capable of stabilization accuracies on
the order of two micro radians, providing virtually a metric sensor capability (ability to generate precision
geo-coordinates from sensor measurements when coupled with accurate High Resolution Terrain
Information, taken from pre-populated databases or derived from on-board sources such as a LIDAR);
however, both classes of stabilization systems are too costly to employ on lower end UA platforms (sub-
Shadow class, such as XPV-1, Raven), which tend to be somewhat unstable platforms for strapdown
sensors. To compensate for the lack of low cost, mechanically stabilized sensor mounts, digitally based
(non-mechanical) stabilization systems have been demonstrated with limited operational success, due to
human factors constraints. To fully exploit the new generation of imaging systems on the rapidly
proliferating class of small/low cost platforms, specific efforts resulting in the development of a low cost,
steerable (turret) sensor stabilization system for small and sub-tactical class platforms is highly desired by
the Department.
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unmanned aircraft systems roadmap(60)
