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through using a graph in the Flight
Manual (which will give an envelope
in which it may be plotted), to using
index numbers on larger aircraft
which are more manageable than the
telephone numbers you would get if
calculations were done
conventionally. However, fine detail
is outside the scope of this book,
and we are dealing with smaller
aircraft anyway. There are ways of
making life easier with regard to
these, the most common of which is
a Load Plan.
The Load Plan
Used to save the constant working
out of C of G on loads that are fairly
standard. Weight ranges need to be
worked out, as the aircraft will
frequently be loaded by nontechnical
staff (like oil rig workers or
slashers), who will want as little
detail and as much flexibility as
possible (these weight ranges should
not be confused with standard
weights, mentioned above). C of G
limits in Load Plans will therefore be
more stringent. Your Inspector will
want to see pre-worked examples for
worst case situations (including full
and empty tank positions). Flights
outside the Load Plan will need the
C of G and a Loadsheet to be
worked out in full.
Sample Load Plan
The following example Plans may be
used for the Bell 206 helicopter with
the fuel and payloads as shown (just
adapt the method to suit other
aircraft). The Load Plan number
should be included in the Tech Log
before flight. The figures assume an
APS wt of up to 2,100 lbs and a
maximum weight of 3,200 lbs. Pilot
and passenger weights may be up to
200 lbs including baggage
(remember, not a standard weight).
With less than 4 passengers, baggage
may be loaded on the rear seats or in
the hold, but maximum weight in the
baggage hold is 250 lbs. Fuel loads
above 75 gallons assume a range
extender, so watch the minimum
pilot weight.
Operational Procedures 85
Load Plan Pax Fuel(gals)
B3 3 50
B2 2 83
B1 1 93
Passengers will be loaded front to
rear as follows:
FIRST Forward passenger seat
SECOND Starboard rear passenger seat
THIRD Port rear passenger seat
FOURTH Centre rear passenger seat
As you can see, everything needs to
be spelt out so anybody can get it
right with all possibilities catered for.
If you need to reduce weight,
manipulate the payload, not the fuel,
although commercially you might
find you can make a tech stop.
Loadsheets
These are not required for aircraft
below 2,730 kg, or for training,
positioning or private flights, but
you will still need to know your C of
G as a matter of airmanship.
Loadsheets should be drawn up
outside the conditions imposed by a
Load Plan and should account for all
items of the laden weight. Generally,
they could be used in the
circumstances below, although you
could probably think of more. The
position of the laden C of G must be
specified, together with the load
distribution, but noting its position
within a range will be enough, unless
it's required for other purposes, such
as airworthiness or performance. A
copy should be left behind with a
responsible person or organisation,
or placed in a fireproof container
with the Tech Log on a helicopter.
You need loadsheets:
· outside load plan provisions,
such as with more than
anticipated baggage
· with any combination of doors
removed
· with camera mount and
cameraman on board
· with an underslung load
· With freight only
· When parachute dropping
Paperwork
Alterations should be done so the
original entry can still be seen, with a
note as to why the alteration was
made, when and by whom.
ATS Flight Plan
There are many reasons for filing
flight plans – first of all, they help
get you slotted into the system, even
if it isn’t quite the route you asked
for. Next, they help with radio
failures, as, once you’re in the pipe,
so to speak, everyone knows where
you’re supposed to be going and can
act accordingly. Then there are
forced landings, where an educated
guess may be made as to your
position, followed by statistics, and,
finally, because the law says so.
A flight plan must be filed for all
commercial flights, except those
under VFR taking off and landing at
the same aerodrome. Just to clarify,
this includes positioning, private and
line training. You can, of course, file
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