曝光台 注意防骗
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"This Way Up") will be rectangular.
Dangerous Goods also come in
Packing Groups, described below,
which indicate the degrees of danger
within the classes described below.
There are sources of information to
be aware of - the ICAO Technical
Instructions for the Safe Transportation of
Dangerous Goods by Air, the IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations, and your
company's Operations Manual.
Just to remind you, in case you
haven't read the Air Law chapter yet,
ICAO (International Civil Aviation
Organisation) is a worldwide body
convened by governments while the
International Air Transport Association
(IATA) is an equivalent body
established by the airlines. Although
IATA is a private organisation
comprising of virtually all the
scheduled airlines of the world, it
nevertheless has strong links with
ICAO and governments, and is
often used by many airlines as an
agent for inter-airline cooperation.
The IATA Dangerous Good Regulations
mentioned above (from now
referred to as The Book) are in a large
soft-covered book, which the
TDGR allows to be used as a
working document, and is discussed
fully below.
Applicability
IATA Dangerous Goods regulations
apply to all IATA airlines, any that
are party to Cargo Traffic
Agreements, and any shippers and
agents offering shipments to them.
At first sight, therefore, it would
appear that anyone who is not an
airline is exempt, but that may
change with national legislation.
However, they were written for
major air carriers, and can therefore
be very restrictive for small
operations, particularly when
spraying or on fire suppression, so
some exemptions are allowed in
certain areas for which you should
check the rules. Most of them are
based on common sense, in that
your aircraft may be too small to
separate goods that require it, or you
may not even have a cargo hold.
Certain things, though, are not
allowed in any aircraft under any
circumstances, particularly nonrefillable
gas lighters and those that
may leak in reduced pressure. You
will find them in Section 2.1.1 of the
Dangerous Goods and Weapons 155
IATA Book, but Section 2.1.2 also
lists items that are forbidden unless
varied by the State requirements in
2.9 (but see also 2.6.1).
Some goods may use other (good
quality) packaging than in The Book
(Sect 2.8), but in Limited Quantities.
Exemptions
You don't need approval if the stuff
is needed for the job in hand,
airworthiness of the aircraft, or are
extras for the health of passengers
and crew, like fire extinguishers,
first-aid kits, insecticides, air
fresheners, life saving appliances,
pyrotechnic stuff in survival kits and
portable oxygen, or anything to do
with catering or cabin service (such
as dry ice, or items intended for sale
on board). Generally, spares and
replacements for exempt articles
above should be treated as
Dangerous Goods.
Neither do you need approval for
veterinary aids or humane killers for
animals, aviation fuel and oil in tanks
under 14 CFR, Chapter 1, materials
in hoppers or tanks for aerial
application, or official barometers in
carry-on baggage.
Common sense applies with exempt
goods, in that the containers must be
properly constructed, staff must be
trained, and the items stowed
properly. If spraying, the aircraft
must be properly ventilated, and you
can even carry medical goods after
patients have been offloaded, if it’s
impractical to offload them as well.
Pesticides could be exempt if in safe
containers of less than 220 litres, the
aircraft is cargo only, there is
adequate ventilation, no smoking
and local authorities are informed.
Some dangerous goods (for personal
use only) can also be carried without
an approval (see Table 2.3.A),
including:
· Alcoholic beverages in
receptacles under 5 litres, under
70% by volume.
· Not more than ½ ltr or ½ kg
per item of aerosols, hair sprays,
etc. (i.e. medicinal, toilet). The
total is 2 litres or 2 kg.
· Safety matches or lighters, for
your use on one's person . ‘Strike
anywhere’ matches, lighters with
unabsorbed liquid fuel (other
than liquefied gas), lighter fuel
and refills are not permitted.
· Hydrocarbon gas powered hair
curlers, if the safety cover is
securely over the heating
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