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minimise errors, set procedures are
20 Operational Flying
used for multiple crews, for which
see Chapter 8. In fact, every
Commander has a management role,
which includes training, and allowing
P2s to gain experience whilst
retaining the ability to recover from
any situation.
First Officers must know of the
duties and responsibilities of the
commander in case of incapacitation,
so they will more than likely find
themselves preparing and
maintaining the navigation and fuel
logs in flight, because they should be
fully aware of the intended route,
weather, etc. that may affect it.
Constant briefings from the
Commander are essential, as the FO
naturally must know the game plan if
there is going to be a takeover at any
stage. This even extends to the
routes to be flown, minimum safety
altitudes, overshoot action, etc. All
this "interaction" is part of Crew
Resource Management, of which more
later. In addition, First Officers carry
out checks (the Commander reads
them, or vice versa), make radio calls,
cross-check altimeters and other
instruments and monitor each flight
continuously.
They're supposed to advise you (as
Commander) of any apparently
serious deviations from the correct
flight path, such as specific warning
if, on an instrument approach, the
rate of descent exceeds 1000 feet per
minute or the ILS indicator exceeds
half-scale deflection, or of any
instrument indicating abnormal
functioning, which is difficult with a
lot of head-down work of their own
to do. In addition, they carry out
secondary checks on engine power
after the throttles have been set.
If, for any reason, you become
incapacitated, they should be
prepared to assume command,
further described in Chapter 8.
They also supervise the loading and
refuelling of the aircraft and prepare
the loadsheets for the Commander's
signature before each flight, if it's
not already done by a handling
agent. When it's raining, they do the
preflight check.
First Officers are also supposed to
“support the commander” during
interactions with the remainder of
the crew, including helping him out
of the bar. See also Chapters 4 and 8.
The Pilot's Assistant
In aeroplanes, particularly when
pilots are in short supply, some
companies may use an extra crew
member to ease your workload,
mainly completing paperwork as you
go along, who won’t be a pilot, but
be called a "safety pilot", to confuse
things. Naturally, what they're
allowed to get up to depends on
their experience, but, unless in dire
emergency, if they do not hold an
appropriate Professional Licence
(with all relevant checks), they are
not allowed any part in the physical
controlling of any aircraft flying for
Commercial Air Transport.
In the light of this, their duties
should be clearly spelt out in the
Ops Manual, possibly more than
anybody else's. For example, those
with an R/T licence may carry out
radio calls at certain less critical
points, under your supervision.
Other duties may include preparing
flight plans, looking after refuelling,
keeping logs, reading check lists,
tuning and identifying radio aids,
briefing passengers, checking doors
The Operations Manual 21
and seat belts, etc. They will only be
used if you have a serviceable
autopilot, and certain minimum
qualifications, such as 1000 hours
total flying, which must include 400
hours P1. If not, you will need a fully
qualified First Officer.
Minimum qualifications will be
something like a PPL with valid IMC
rating and a Flight Radiotelephony
Operator's Licence.
Cabin Attendants
These are needed when you have
more than a certain number of
passengers (see somewhere in
Chapter 6).
Hash-slingers are responsible to the
Purser, or No 1, who is responsible
in turn to the Commander for
ensuring that catering is ordered for
flights to which they are allocated,
and that such stores are correctly
used in proper cabin service to the
passengers.
It's their job to make sure that all
passengers are briefed before takeoff
on the items in the Passenger
Briefing Card (or video), which
includes being properly seated with
safety belts fastened for take-off and
landing or any other times in flight
as and when instructed. They must
also ensure that doors and
emergency exits are kept clear of
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