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different sectors (and their duty
periods) should be separated by
more than 3 hours to claim the extra.
In Canada, you can go beyond 14
hours by half the rest period up to 3
hours, if you have been given
advance notice and you get 4 hours
in suitable accommodation, and are
uninterrupted. This means that the
maximum time you can possibly be
on duty is 17 hours, if you have 6
hours off during the day. Your next
rest period must be increased by at
least the extended time.
In-Flight Relief
Although small operators don't
require it (because their aircraft don't
generally have the endurance), just in
case you were wondering, this works
in a similar way to Split Duties, in
that you can extend the working day
by using a proportion of "rest" taken
within it, but you must be away from
both Flight Deck and passengers,
and it’s subject to certain limitations
outside the scope of this book. If
you've been relieved and have no
further duties on the flight, then the
remainder of the FDP is treated as
positioning.
Positioning
Positioning means being transferred
from place to place as a passenger in
surface or air transport, usually
before or after a FDP, but also at
any time as required by the
Company (this shouldn't be
confused with normal travel from
home to work—see Travelling Time
below). Many airlines use taxis for
this, but you may be lucky and get a
comfortable bus or a light aeroplane.
All time spent on positioning is
classed as Duty, and when it comes
immediately before a Flying Duty
Period is included in it, so the
subsequent rest period must account
for (and be at least as long as) the
total FDP and positioning.
Positioning is not, however, counted
as a sector, and in case I haven’t
mentioned it before, a sector is the
Flight Time And Duty Hours 43
time between an aircraft first moving
under its own power until it next
comes to rest after landing (there are
no sector limits for helicopters).
Travelling Time
Travelling time (that is, not
Positioning but normal travel from
home to work) is not classed as duty
and therefore not included in the
totals, but should your journey
exceed "a lengthy period" (about 90
minutes), you should make
arrangements to get nearer. When
away from base and travelling times
between the aerodrome and sleeping
accommodation exceed 30 minutes
each way, the resulting rest period
should be increased by the excess (or
a lesser time) enough for at least 10
hours (9 for cabin crews) there.
If you have to travel from your
home to an aerodrome other than
your normal one, the actual time
between the two aerodromes (if any)
is also Positioning (for example, your
normal trip to A is 20 minutes, but it
takes ten to get to B from A, so
there's 10 minutes' extra to add to
the FDP). You must also include
excess travel to the new aerodrome
over and above your normal
travelling time.
Standby Duty
Aside from crews actually flying,
resting or taking time off, some must
be available for emergencies, like
sickness or extra flights. Standby is
when the Company requires you to
be on call and able to report within,
say, 90 minutes, but not where you
need merely to be contactable for
notification of a duty that starts 10
or more hours ahead.
Should you get called out, your
maximum Duty Period is what your
maximum allowable FDP should be,
according to the tables, plus 6 hours
for the standby itself, which
presumably means that if you
haven't been called out after that,
you're safe. The ensuing Rest Period
must be based on the combined
length of Standby, FDP and
positioning. Standby alone should
not exceed 12 hours, and all standby
time counts towards the totals,
except when a predetermined notice
has been given before reporting,
when it can be halved.
In Canada, you can either be on On
Standby, On Call, On Reserve or Free of
Duty. For the first, you must be in a
specified location and available at
less than an hours’ notice - for the
second, the location requirement is
removed (these are for commuter or
airline operations). When on reserve,
the notice period is more than one
hour, with each day having an
uninterrupted rest period scheduled
in advance, giving you the chance of
at least 8 hours’ sleep. There are 3
ways of dealing with this:
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