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intended track, to a suitable
aerodrome. In other words, at
any given point, you must be
able to maintain a climb at OCH
+ 1000 ft all the while clearing
obstacles by OCH + 2000 ft.
2 Engines Out, 3 or More Engines
You should never be more than
90 minutes (at the all engines
long range cruising speed at
standard temperature in still air)
from a suitable aerodrome, and
be able to continue, clearing
vertically, by at least 2000 ft, all
terrain and obstacles 9.3 km (5
nm) either side of the track. If
navigation is less than 95%,
increase the margin to 18.5 km
54 Operational Flying
(10 nm). The net flight path
must have a positive gradient at
1500 ft above the suitable
aerodrome.
Safe fuel jettisoning is allowed if
you can land with the proper
reserves—the expected weight
where the two engines are
assumed to fail must include
enough fuel to arrive at least
1500 ft over the landing area
and fly level for 15 minutes
afterwards. You should dump
fuel at least 2000 feet above the
highest obstacle within 5 nm, for
adequate vapourisation. Ideally,
it should be undertaken over a
relatively less populated area,
clear of heavy traffic, on a
constant heading. You should
tell ATC as well, so they can
warn other people.
Class B
Multi-Engined
If an engine fails, you must be
able to continue at or above
MSA to 1000 feet above a
suitable aerodrome. You cannot
assume more than a 300 feetper-
minute climb rate, and you
must subtract ½ % from the
gross gradient.
Single-Engined
If the engine fails, you must be
able to reach a point 1000 feet
above a place where you can
make a safe landing, so don't fly
above cloud that extends below
the MSA. You cannot assume
more than a 300 fpm climb rate,
and you must subtract ½ %
from the gross gradient.
Class C
All Engines Operating
You must have a climb rate of at
least 300 fpm, all engines below
max continuous power, at the
minimum altitudes used for
Classes A and B.
One Engine Out
You must clear all obstacles
within 5 nm (9.3 km) either side
of track vertically by 1000 feet,
when the ROC is zero or
greater, and 2000 feet when
below. Increase the width
margin to 10 nm (18.5 km) if
navigational accuracy is below
95%. Your performance figures
must provide a positive slope at
1500 feet (450 m) above the
landing point. As far as this
paragraph is concerned, the
available rate of climb is
assumed to be 150 feet per
minute less than the gross. You
can jettison fuel safely if you can
land with proper reserves.
2 Engines Out , 3 or More Engines
You should never be more than
90 minutes (at the all engines
long range cruising speed at
standard temperature in still air)
away from a suitable aerodrome,
and you must clear all obstacles
within 5 nm (9.3 km) of the
intended track vertically by at
least 2000 feet. If accuracy of
navigational is less than 95%,
increase the margin to 10 nm
(18.5 km). You must have a
positive gradient at 1500 ft
above the suitable aerodrome.
The available rate of climb is
assumed to be 150 feet per
minute less than the gross.
Operational Procedures 55
Safe fuel jettisoning is allowed if
you can land with the proper
reserves—the expected weight
where the two engines are
assumed to fail must include
enough to arrive at least 1500 ft
over the landing area and fly
level for 15 minutes thereafter.
Helicopters
For (JAR) performance purposes,
helicopters also come in threes:
· Class 1—Can land on the
rejected take-off area, or safely
continue, depending on when
the failure occurs.
· Class 2—Can safely continue,
except before a defined point
after take-off or after a defined
point before landing (in other
words, some sort of committal
point), in which case a forced
landing may be required.
· Class 3—If a power-unit fails, a
forced landing must be
performed (i.e. single-engined).
Classes 1 and 2
On top of the minimum altitudes
already listed, if you plan to fly out
of sight of the surface, you must be
able to maintain at least 50 feet per
minute ROC at 1000 feet (2000 in
mountains) above all obstacles
within 10 nm either side of the track
(½ nm if day VMC in sight of the
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