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the initial part may be replaced by
your own assessment. If you need to
re-land immediately, and therefore
see and avoid obstacles in the takeoff
area, refer to the table below.
The height at which your engine fails
may not be lower than that from
which the one-engine-inoperative net takeoff
flight path can be constructed.
When RVR/met vis is not available
you cannot take-off unless the actual
conditions satisfy the applicable
take-off minima.
Eng Fail
Ht'
<50 51–
100
101–
150
151–
200
201–
300
>300
RVRm 200 300 400 500 1000 1500
Use the higher of the tables
according to circumstances.
For Class 1 helicopters (Group A)
minima may not be less than:
Onshore heliports with IFR departure RVR/Vis
Nil Facilities (Day) 250 m*
Nil Facilities (Night) 800 m
Unlit/unmarked defined runway/FATO 200 m
Rwy edge/FAT lights, centre marking 200 m
Rwy edge/FATO and centreline lighting,
RVR info
150 m
Onshore heliports without IFR dep 800 m
*or rejected takeoff distance, whichever is greater
With no reported met vis or RVR,
you can only commence a take-off if
they are equal to or better than
required minimum (obvious, really).
For Class 2 (A (Restricted) minima
must be at least 800 m RVR/Vis,
remaining clear of cloud during takeoff
or until reaching Class 1
capabilities. For Class 3 (Group B),
try at least 600 ft cloud ceiling and
800m RVR/Vis.
You must nominate a suitable
alternate (on the Nav Log) to return
to when weather conditions at the
Operational Procedures 63
aerodrome you're departing from are
below those required for landing, in
case you have to return in a hurry.
Favourable landing conditions at this
alternate must be reported and
forecast to be at or above landing
minima 1 hour either side of ETA,
and it must be within a certain time
at one-engine-out speed, typically 30
minutes for a twin piston and 60 for
a turbine (the terrain and weather
conditions en route must permit this,
that is, your single-engined climb
performance may not get you over
obstacles in the way). For
helicopters, it's an hour at normal
twin IMC Cruising Speed.
If there is no suitable diversion,
delay the flight until one is, or the
departure weather improves. In fact,
without an alternate, departure
minima should be not less than
those for landing at the same
aerodrome. If you have to see and
avoid obstacles on departure, a cloud
ceiling should also be specified.
Takeoff minima depend on many
factors, including the Performance
Group or Class of the aircraft,
availability of markings, lighting,
runway surface and width, distances
available and your experience
(inexperienced crews should add 100
feet and 200m to these figures).
Destinations
Landing Distance requirements must
be satisfied on both the most
suitable runway for landing in still
air, and any you may need because of
forecast wind conditions. You must
not descend below the en route
minimum altitude (MOCA) until
your position has been positively
identified, and you must reconfirm it
afterwards (well, you would,
wouldn't you?). You should also
have a copy of the let-down plate
available, with all required ground
and airborne aids being serviceable.
When in IMC, you should not
descend below MSA (as on the
chart) until established in the
approach or hold procedure. As the
safe altitude is based on correct entry
procedures, it will cover a certain
area of ground, so if you're given
something non-standard, such as a
very long downwind leg that takes
you off the chart, beware!
The Decision Height (or Minimum
Descent Height, depending on the sort
of approach) is the height at which
you must go around if you can't see
anything vaguely resembling a
runway. If the Cloud Ceiling is lower
than this, you may (unless prohibited
by national regulations) carry out
one approach to check if you can see
anything (known in the trade as
'assessing the visual reference
available'), but Missed Approach
action must be taken at Decision
Height on a precision approach if
you can't.
A precision approach is an ILS or PAR.
A non-precision approach is basically
anything else, such as VOR or ADF,
which only has azimuth guidance
(that is, only left or right, without up
or down). It is characterised by large
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