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30 Operational Flying
CPL holder when more than 50 nm
from the departure aerodrome.
Helicopter
You must have 2 crew if over 9
passengers are carried, and an ATPL
(H) if you’re the boss. Otherwise a
CPL(H) will do.
Cabin Crew
Required in aeroplanes carrying
more than 20 passengers, or capable
of carrying more than 35, when at
least 1 is present. The minimum
number should be about 1 for every
50, or fraction of 50, passenger seats
installed.
Designation of Aircraft
Commander
No matter how many pilots are
carried, one will be nominated as
commander. See the Introduction for
reasons why.
Incapacitation
See Operational Procedures.
Qualifications
These are sometimes dictated by the
insurance company, customer
requirements (such as large oil
companies with their own safety
departments), or, in a large company,
the Personnel Department, who
mostly don't have a clue. The
minimums will vary according to
supply and demand, but here is what
the CAA will expect. Naturally, any
licence you need must be valid – for
example, medical certificates are not
mentioned here because the licence
requires one anyway.
Commanders
You only need recent night takeoffs
and landings if passengers are
carried.
Aeroplane
The minimum requirements are:
· successful completion of the
single-crew or command course.
· an ATPL, or a CPL and 500 hrs
total time (or valid IR) when
carrying passengers under VFR
more than 50 nm from a
departure aerodrome. For a
multi-engined aeroplane in IFR,
this changes to 700 hours total
time, including 400 PIC, which
includes 100 IFR, of which 40
must have been on a multi (the
400 hours PIC can be 800 P2 if
gained in an established multicrew
system).
· 50 hours IFR on type, of which
10 as PIC, for single crew.
· Valid IR (when IFR) and
recurrent checks.
Recency
A minimum of 3 take-offs and
landings in the past 90 days, which
may be done in a sim; 90 days may
be extended to 120 if accompanied
by a TRI or TRE when line flying.
As single pilot under IFR or at night,
a minimum of 5 IFR flights,
including 3 instrument approaches in
the past 90 days, or an IFR
instrument approach check.
Helicopter
700 hours on helicopters, of which
300 must be PIC, and 100 hrs
instrument time (10 as PIC). The
300 PIC can be 600 P2 if obtained in
an established 2-crew system. You
32 Operational Flying
must also have 25 hrs in the
environment concerned.
Helicopters under 5700 kg MAUW,
in IMC or at night with visual
ground reference, must have either
two pilots or one pilot with an
autopilot.
Recency
3 takeoffs, 3 circuits and 3 landings
in the preceding 90 days (can be
done in an approved simulator), or
120 days by supervised line flying. If
relevant, at least 5 IFR flights
including 3 instrument approaches
on the type in the last 3 months.
Co-Pilots
ATPL or CPL, valid IR (when IFR)
and recurrent checks.
Recency
Must have flown aeroplanes on the
relevant type during take-off and
landing during the past 90 days. For
helicopters, 3 takeoffs, 3 circuits and
3 landings in the preceding 90 days
(can be done in an approved
simulator), or 120 days by supervised
line flying.
Cabin Crew
Minimum age is 18 years, and must
be medically fit. Additional
qualifications may be required for
Senior Cabin Crew member, or
operation on more than one type.
Crew Health
Precautions
People holding (flying) medical
certificates should not exercise
licence privileges if they suffer from
any illness, injury or disability, are
taking a drug or receiving medical
treatment that could impair their
ability to safely exercise them.
Whilst nobody should object to you
taking a drink or two the evening
before a flight, you should
remember that it can take over 3
days for alcohol to clear the system
(it remains in the inner ear for
longest). Within 24 hours before a
planned departure, you should not
drink alcohol at all; certainly not on
standby. The maximum blood level
is officially .2 mg per ml, a quarter of
the driving limit in UK, but it’s not
only the alcohol that causes
problems – the after-effects do as
well, like the hangover, fatigue,
dehydration, loss of blood sugar and
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