欧洲委员会规章 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Regulations(11)

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‘Threat’ means events or errors which occur beyond the influence of the flight crew, increase operational complexity and which must be managed to maintain the margin of safety.
‘Threat management’ means the process of detecting and responding to the threats with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states.
‘Touring Motor Glider’ (TMG) means a specific class of powered sailplane having an integrally mounted, non-retractable engine and a non-retractable propeller. It shall be capable of taking off and climbing under its own power according to its flight manual.
‘Type of aircraft’ means a categorisation of aircraft requiring a type rating as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, and which include all aircraft

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of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics.
FCL.015 Application and issue of licences, ratings and certificates
(a)
An application for the issue, revalidation or renewal of pilot licences and associated ratings and certificates shall be submitted to the competent authority in a form and manner established by this authority. The application shall be accompanied by evidence that the applicant complies with the requirements for the issue, revalidation or renewal of the licence or certificate as well as associated ratings or endorsements, established in this Part and Part-Medical.

(b)
Any limitation or extension of the privileges granted by a licence, rating or certificate shall be endorsed in the licence or certificate by the competent authority.

(c)
A person shall not hold at any time more than one licence per category of aircraft issued in accordance with this Part.

(d)
An application for the issue of a licence for another category of aircraft, or for the issue of further ratings or certificates, as well as an amendment, revalidation or renewal of those licences, ratings or certificates shall be submitted to the competent authority which initially issued the pilot licence, except when the pilot has requested a change of competent authority and a transfer of his licensing and medical records to that authority.

FCL.020 Student pilot
A student pilot shall not fly solo unless authorised to do so and supervised by a flight instructor.
Before his/her first solo flight, a student pilot shall be at least:
in the case of aeroplanes, helicopters and airships: 16 years of age;
in the case of sailplanes and balloons: 14 years of age.
FCL.025 Theoretical knowledge examinations for the issue of licences
(a)
Responsibilities of the applicant

(1)
Applicants shall take the entire set of examinations for a specific licence or rating under the responsibility of one Member State.
　
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