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attained.
When optimising manufacturing
technologies, a multi-disciplinary approach
involving the views and technologies from
across the transport sectors (automotive,
rail, marine and aerospace) can be very
useful.
The following topics have been identified as
the most promising:
• Textile preforming and fibre placement
technologies.
• Non-autoclave injection technologies.
• Advanced curing technologies (e.g.
microwave curing).
• Overall quality concepts.
• Thermoplastic technologies.
• Automated sandwich core material
manufacturing technologies (e.g. folded
cores).
17
Primary Research Priority – Design,
Analytical Tools and Simulation
Only a good basic understanding of
materials and processes allows an
optimised application of new concepts.
Otherwise, high safety factors have to be
applied, preventing the optimum exploitation
of any lightweighting potential and
generating additional costs.
Three-dimensional fibre reinforcement and
high degrees of integration are just two
future challenges for the development of
design and simulation tools with improved
performance, short development time and
high reliability.
Integrated design tools are required that
take both materials and processing aspects
into account. Basic fibre architecture,
draping, impregnation, curing and bonding,
as well as fibre and matrix properties, are
the main factors that influence structural
performance. It is necessary to optimise and
integrate current isolated approaches to the
simulation of complex fibre architectures,
draping processes, mould filling, curing and
joining, into one design tool.
Finally, these tools have to be integrated
within professional computer aided design
packages such as CATIA. In parallel, userfriendly
guidelines have to be developed to
assist designers in realising cost effective,
high performance structures.
Primary Research Priority – Material
Systems
Continuous improvement is necessary in the
fields of carbon fibres (e.g. cost reduction,
improved textile processability), binders, and
matrix systems (e.g. fast curing, high
temperature capability, high toughness).
Significant advances can be expected in
nanotechnologies. Nanoparticles can
improve functionality and nanotubes (and
even nanoyarns in the very distant future)
have the potential to provide structural
properties far superior to those of carbon
fibre composites. However, availability and
costs are a long way from being relevant to
real applications, and much more research
is required regarding basic understanding
and processing.
Primary Research Priority – Joining
Research has to be focused upon improved
joint performance and simplified processing.
This will lead to higher reliability and
reduced costs.
The most important research areas are:
• Low temperature paste adhesives.
• Advanced curing based on laser or
microwave heating.
• De-bonding on demand for repair
purposes.
• Adhesives with improved fire, smoke
and toxicity properties.
• Assembly technologies.
Secondary Research Priority –
Multifunctional Structures
Composites are the most promising
materials for realising multifunctional
structures with active damping, shape
control and health monitoring. This is due to
the possibility of integrating actuators (e.g.
piezo fibres or shape memory alloys) or
sensors e.g. (piezos or optical fibre sensors)
within a composite. The basic principles and
concepts are known, but intensive research
is required in topics such as sensor and
actuator material optimisation, integration
technologies, and sensor signal processing.
Secondary Research Priority – Recycling
It is possible that the recycling of aircraft will
assume a much higher priority in the future
because of political pressure and
regulations.
Technologies that allow the re-use of
recycled “valuable” materials in high
performance products are the most
interesting. For example, employing ground
composites as fillers in injection moulding or
other processes, where the properties of the
filler can be used for improving mechanical
performance or functionality (e.g. electrical
conductivity or thermal expansion), is very
interesting. These developments would
require close cooperation between
processing partners and potential end-users.
In production, the focus must be to avoid
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