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between failures. These numbers tell the reader more than just a vague expression. The controlled
language authoring approach forces better quality information.
This table shows the 40 MAXit Message Classes into which the 9,500 rules are divided
by five colors. The writer soon learns that a GERUND is green and must be removed.
Abbreviation Gerund Number Punctuation Translation
Adverb Hyphenation Parallel Missing Ref. Verb tense
Adjective Meaning Passive
Voice
Rephrase Wrong Choice
Apostrophe Measurement Phrasal verb Sent. Length Wrong Verb
Awkward Metric Prefix Spelling Word Cluster
Capitalization Name-Label Preposition Style Change2Verb
Comma Negative Product
Liability
Terminology Change2Noun
Delete Not-in-Dictionary Pronoun That-which Long <para>
What is difference between ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English
and SMART Controlled English?
The SMART Controlled English is a more advanced version of ASD-STE100 Simplified
Technical English (STE). For example, in STE there is no verb to “click” for the action of the
computer mouse. In STE, the phrase is “press the left mouse button”. Controlled English allows
the writer to use “click the left mouse button”. The reason why “click” is not yet added to STE, is
because STE is a global standard and controlled by a committee where decisions are not easy to
make. By contrast, SMART Controlled English was developed by SMART Communications so
that a customer can customize the verbs.
Technical Nouns:
Both STE and SMART Controlled English allow companies to add technical nouns to their
vocabularies. For example, in the packaging industry, the term Radio Frequency Identification tags
(RFIDs) is important. An automotive company must have all the part names of an automobile. A
software company must include field names and concepts.
To manage the terminology, SMART offers a simple tool called the SMART Lexicon Manager.
Step 3: Writer and Technical Author Training
In 2-3 days of training, Controlled English is very easy to write. The writers soon learn what verbs
to avoid, how to write short sentence and the tricks. SMART offers either a 20-hour eLearning
course or on-site seminars. The motivated writer can be productive in a week. For writers who
use English as second language, the task of writing in Controlled English is easier than writing
unstructured English because there are less choices in terminology, verbs and structure.
The Future of Controlled English - A New Global Language
The STE standard was developed to write aircraft maintenance manuals. Smart Communications,
Inc. has developed more technical vocabularies for use in many products and services.
Today, SMART offers a Controlled English vocabulary that has a “core” word list of 1,200
words to which customized product terminology is added. All dictionaries and rules are easy to
customize for a product line. Unexpectedly, China is fast becoming a large user of Controlled
English to write service instructions for their advanced exports to new markets, like Western
Europe.
The Benefits of Controlled English
• Compliance to documentation quality standards, required under Six Sigma,
ASD-STE100, ISO9000 and other standards.
• Creation of legally-defensible technical manuals, in clear, concise English to avoid product
liability.
• Reduction in call center and product support costs through better manuals and web pages.
• Removal of ambiguity to create an ideal source language for translation into 80 languages
by hand and computers.
• Faster training of technicians and customer support staffs in global markets.
• The use of a common language for worldwide customer communications.
• Preparation of easy-to-read help texts and work instructions.
• The use of short sentences to enhance text readability, comprehension and usability.
• Reduction in the cost and time needed to write technical documentation.
Controlled English is a Source Language for Machine Translation
SMART has made studies that show that when the English texts are simplified, automated
translation tools, like Systran, make the translations at a high level of accuracy with less than 5%
post-editing. The reason is because the English texts are structured for machine translation.
SMART sees further gains when the same technique is applied to the IBM Statistical Machine
Translation (SMT) engine. To meet the growing demand for translations, we believe that
Controlled English must be matched to SMT techniques in various domains.
Examples of Controlled English
ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English
This example shows the original text on the left side and the simplification for global aerospace
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
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