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Global context of aviation English
We must consider the wider context in which we wish to conduct this drive for better English
standards. This is a hard-pressed industry. There is increasing competition from low-cost companies,
and a consequent reduction of profit margins. There is also fast expansion in civil aviation in India,
China and Russia. Africa is poised to become a giant tourist destination, and South America too is
ready for air travel expansion. This will in turn bring competition for qualified personnel. And fuel
costs will inevitably rise. There is also the small problem of CO2 emissions which will surely be taxed
in the foreseeable future.
So having English language proficiency regulations in place is only half the battle.
They will have to be enforced. Budgets for improved training will have to be found.
The future of aviation English standards for pilots and controllers can only be assured if the
ICAO English proficiency regulations are effectively applied. In order to achieve and maintain the
required level of English there has to be:
• Relevant and well-designed materials
• Competent, well-trained and qualified teachers
• Appropriately planned and delivered courses
Having attended this Forum, it is reassuring to see how many choices in these three above areas now
exist.
But in addition to these a testing accreditation system, instigated by ICAO has to be put in place and
that is why I hope the petition which was signed in Cambridge addressed to ICAO will be effective.
(see petition to ICAO)
ICAEA would seem to be a natural home among aviation English professionals for hosting serious
deliberation of the accreditation issue and this is the subject which will probably be one of the themes
in our next meeting.
Quiz 1: English RT Quiz
1. Pre - 1926 American airlines tried using bonfires of hay lit by farmers at regular intervals for air
navigation - True or false?
2. Pre-1946 a pilot flying from London to Milan had to speak English, French and Italian - True or
false?
3. How many cockpit crew members were there on the larger commercial carriers before the mid-
50’s/early 60’s and what were their functions?
4. QFE and QNH are remnants of the old Q code. What was the Q code?
5. Who, or what was Roger?
6. When was today’s “phonetic” alphabet implemented?
7. When was ICAO formed?
8. Where are ICAO headquarters?
9. What prompted a complete revision of English RT phraseology at the beginning of the ‘80s?
10. What two words at taxi and take-off phase were given particular attention in the new phraseology
and why?
11. Which English number has a homonym which causes problems in routine RT instructions despite
increased efforts in phraseologies to avoid such problems?
12. Before 1983 half the world was using “pull-up” and the other “go-around” for the missed approach
instruction. How did the ICAO RT committee decide which to implement in the 1983 phraseology
recommendations, and which one did they choose?
13. Why did CAA UK later decide to change this?
14. What’s the origin of “Mayday” and why?
15. What is Doc 9835 ?
16. Where can you get it?
17. What is CAP 413?
18. What does PRICESG stand for?
19. What is an LPR?
RT QUIZ Answers
1. Pre - 1926 American airlines tried using bonfires of hay lit by farmers at regular intervals for air
navigation (true it was abandoned in favour of rotating light beacons)
2. Pre-1946 a pilot flying from London to Milan had to speak English, French and Italian – incredible
but true
3. How many cockpit crew members were there on the larger commercial carriers before the mid-50’s
and what were their functions?
(at least) Captain, Co-pilot, Flight Engineer, Radio operator
5. QFE and QNH are remnants of the old Q code. What was the Q code?
– a list of 3 letter codes all starting with Q that was used for morse transmissions in radio telegraphy.
The Q code with 45 items was first drawn up in 1912
6. Who, or what was Roger? The letter R was Roger in the old 1947 ICAO alphabet
A-Abel; B-Baker; C-Charley; D-Dog; E-Easy;
F-Fox; G-George; H-How; I-Item;J-Jig; K-King;
L-Love; M-Mike; N-Nan; O-Oboe; P-Peter; Q-Queen;
R-Roger (!); S-Sugar; T-Tare; U-Uncle; V-Victor;
W-William; X-X-Ray; Y-Yoke; Z-Zebra.
7. When was today’s “phonetic” alphabet implemented? 1954
A-Alfa; B-Bravo, C-Charley; D-Delta; E-Echo; F-Foxtrot;
G-Golf; H-Hotel; I-India; J-Juliet; K-Kilo; L-Lima; M-Mike; N-November; O-Oscar;
P-Pap-pa; Q-Quebec; R-Romeo; S-Sierra; T-Tango; U-Uniform; V-Victor; W-Whiskey;
X-X-Ray; Y-Yankee; Z-Zulu
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