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AD 1. AERODROMES/HELIPORTS – INTRODUCTION
AD 1.1 AERODROMES/HELIPORTS AVAILABILITY
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Information concerning aerodromes within Australia is published
by the CASA in the Manual of Standards Part 139 – Aerodromes,
and the AIP. The former is intended for aerodrome owners and
operators and contains specific details and requirements,
whereas the latter is intended for pilots and thus contains more
general information.
1.2 The aerodrome directory is published as En Route Supplement
Australia (ERSA) which lists domestic aerodromes and helicopter
landing sites, and contains other dynamic information that is
frequently required by pilots during a flight.
2. CIVIL USE OF MILITARY AIR BASES
2.1 Aircraft operating in military CTRs released to civil ATS units must
not use the surface of any military airfield unless specifically
approved by the relevant military authority (CAR 92 (1) (c)).
3. AERODROME MARKERS AND MARKINGS
3.1 Boundary Markers. Gable and/or cone markers are used to
indicate:
a. the graded surface of a runway strip,
b. the edges of an apron and/or taxiway where such are not
clearly defined, and
c. the limits of the movement area.
They take the form shown in Figure 1.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
AD (AERODROMES) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
0.5M
max
0.75M
0.5M
Figure 1 – Boundary Markers
3.1.1 When used to mark the graded portion of runway strips, cone
markers are spaced at not more than 90M intervals along the limits
of the runway strip, and gable or flush markers are spaced at not
more than 180M intervals. Two gable markers are used at
corners.
3.1.2 When used to mark the definition of aprons or taxiways the
markers are spaced at not more than 15M intervals.
3.1.3 Boundary markers are white coloured, except those associated
with the limits of ill-defined aprons and taxiways, which are yellow.
Where a threshold is permanently displaced, dun-coloured cone
markers are used to denote the area prior to the displaced
threshold.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
AD (AERODROMES) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
’A’
’A’
180M
maximum
90M
maximum
Gables
Cones
Figure 2 – Runway Strip Markings
3.2 Runway Markers. Runway Markers are provided on runway
edges, at minimum intervals of 60M, along both sides of the
runway where there is a lack of contrast between the runway and
the adjacent runway strip. Where the runway strip is maintained to
the same standard as the runway across its entire width, only
runway end markers are used. Runway markers may be either:
– runway cone markers,
– inverted white plastic buckets,
– white PVC road safety cones,
– flush markers.
3.3 Unserviceable Areas. An aircraft must not operate on any area
of an aerodrome which is declared Unserviceable: CAR 166(3).
3.3.1 Partial Unserviceability. Except for instances of total
unserviceability or restricted operations, unserviceable areas on
the movement area are indicated by the display of unserviceability
cross markers.
a. An unserviceability cross marker, normally coloured white,
consists of a cross, with arms at least 6M long, 0.9M wide and
not more than 0.15M high.
GEN TOC ENR TOC AD TOC Index
AD (AERODROMES) A/L 45 effective 24 NOV 05
b. The limits of unserviceable areas are delineated by white cone
markers painted with a 0.25M wide horizontal red band.
3.3.2 Total Unserviceability. When an aerodrome that does not have
24 hour ATC coverage is completely unserviceable for all
operations, an unserviceability cross marker is displayed in the
signal circle.
3.4 Restricted Operations. When operations at an aerodrome which
does not have 24 hour ATC coverage are confined to hard surface
runways, taxiways and aprons, a dumb-bell marker is displayed in
the signal circle. A dumb-bell marker is white and takes the form
shown in Figure 3.
1.5M 0.4M
1.5M
Figure 3 – Restricted Operations “Dumb-bell ” Marker
3.5 Runway Markings. Runway markings are normally white, but
may be edged in black to improve definition.
3.5.1 Runway Threshold Markings. Wherever a threshold marking is
displayed, it marks the commencement of the permanent or
declared landing distance.
3.5.2 Permanent Threshold. Threshold markings consisting of parallel
longitudinal white lines resembling “piano keys” are used at the
ends of sealed or concrete runways of 30M or greater width. For
runways less than 30M wide, the markings may be used.
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