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ENR 3.4 HELICOPTER ROUTES
1. Details regarding helicopter routes and lanes-of-entry to specified
airports can be found in ERSA FAC.
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GEN 3.4 COMMUNICATION SERVICES
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The following services are provided:
a. Radio Navigation,
b. Radio Communications, and
c. Special Broadcast.
1.2 Details of facilities and services appear in ERSA, DAP and
aeronautical charts.
2. RADIO NAVIGATION SERVICE
2.1 General.
2.1.1 The following types of radio aids to navigation operate within
Australian FIRs:
a. MF Non-Directional Beacon (NDB),
b. MF Locator Beacon (L),
c. VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range (VOR),
d. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME),
e. Instrument Landing System (ILS),
f. Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)
g. Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR),
h. Global Positioning System (GPS), and
i. Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) (military locations).
2.2 Identification
2.2.1 Radio navigation aids serving the same location normally radiate
the same identification codes. Further, at ILS/Localizer
installations, the normal identification is preceded by the letter “I”;
and at private non-accredited NDBs, a four letter identifier is
radiated, the first letter being “X”.
2.3 Non-Directional Beacons
2.3.1 Due to the frequency range available within Australia, a number of
beacons share the same frequency. Where this occurs, the
beacons are widely spaced geographically.
2.3.2 Some NDBs have been sited in mountainous country and
reflections of the signal can cause bearing fluctuations which may
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occasionally exceed 10°. Since these fluctuations may tend to
obscure the “over the top” indications, other aids should be used
as a check. The rated coverage of these NDBs is generally
reduced to no more than 30NM.
2.4 VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range (VOR)
2.4.1 These aids operate in the frequency band 112 – 118MHZ. The
track radials are designated by their magnetic bearing away from
the station.
2.5 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
2.5.1 Australia uses the international 1,000MHZ system. The system
uses the channels designated in ICAO Annex 10 for operation with
the VOR frequency selected for the same site. This “pairing”
facilitates compatible airborne equipment to display both the DME
and VOR information by the selection of only the VOR frequency.
2.5.2 When specific ICAO requirements are met, collocated DME and
VOR are said to be “associated” and are shown in AIP documents
as VOR/DME with the VOR frequency. In other cases, a bracket
will be used to indicate collocation of navigation aids.
2.5.3 When a DME is not “associated” with the VOR at the same site, it is
identified in NOTAM and AIP documents by its channel number
and suffix with the VOR frequency in parenthesis – eg, DME 111X
(116.4).
2.6 Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)
TACAN systems are installed at a number of military/joint-user
aerodromes. The DME element of the TACAN can be obtained by
using its “paired” VOR frequency.
Note: TACAN and VOR installations at joint-user airfields are
never “associated”.
TACAN is shown on AIP aeronautical charts by the channel
number with the “paired” VOR frequency – eg, TACAN 88 (114.1).
2.7 Public Broadcasting Stations
Some broadcast stations are shown on visual navigation charts
when they may be of value as supplementary aids to navigation.
Broadcast station location, frequency, operating hours and relay
involvement (with both the parent and relay station identified by
asterisk) are published in ERSA.
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2.8 Abnormal Operation of Radio Navigation Aids
2.8.1 Users must notify ATS of any abnormal condition in the operation
of any radio navigation facility.
2.8.2 Aids not Available for Navigation. Sometimes a facility that is
not suitable for navigation has to be operated for test purposes. To
provide a warning to pilots in such cases, in addition to NOTAM or
verbal advice, the station identifier will either:
a. be suppressed; or
b. for ILS:
(1) when the Localizer is out of service, the glide path will not
be radiated and there will be no identifier; or
(2) when the glide path is out of service, the Localizer may be
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