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navigation for oceanic/remote areas. Aircraft operators intending
to utilise GPS as a primary means of navigation in these areas
must be approved by the State of Registry or State of the Operator,
as appropriate. For Australian approval requirements see GEN
1.5 sub-sub-section 8.5.5.
4.2 To ensure navigation integrity, an appropriate en route GPS prediction
analysis, using the software provided by the GPS manufacturer,
must be conducted prior to each flight. For this analysis, the
following parameters, or equivalents, must be used:
a. the route or airspace RNP, where published; or
b. a centreline space of:
(1) 20NM for flight in CTA, and
(2) 50NM for flight in OCA.
4.3 Aircraft meeting the requirements for the use of GPS as a primary
means of navigation in oceanic/remote airspace must indicate the
approval to ATC by inserting “Z” in Item10 and
“NAV/GPSOCEANIC” in Item 18 of the ATS flight notification.
Such aircraft may flight plan on designated ATS RNAV routes within
Australian FIRs.
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GEN 2.3 CHART SYMBOLS
1. Symbols used for Australian aeronautical charts are identified on
the legend of individual charts.
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GEN 2.4 LOCATION INDICATORS
1. CODE ALLOCATION
1.1 Australia follows international conventions in the allocation of
codes. For locations where a landing area exists (fixed-wing or
helicopter), a four-letter location indicator is assigned with the first
letter being a “Y”. This is referred to as the “Y” code. Locations
other than those given a “Y” code are identified by two, three, four
or five letter codes, but to avoid confusion with location indicators,
visual way-point codes do not begin with the letter “Y”. The
following table summarises code allocation:
Type Code Example
Licensed Aerodrome
Aircraft Landing Area
Helicopter Landing Site
4 letters (first letter “Y”) Renmark (YREN)
Navigation Aid 2 or 3 letters
(2 letter codes no longer
issued)
Caiguna VOR (CAG)
Visual Way-point
(as depicted on chart)
4 letters (first letter other
than “Y”)
(3 letter codes no longer
issued)
Cranbourne (CRAN)
IFR Way-point 5 letters
(3 letter codes no longer
issued)
DADOP
2. LIST OF CODES
2.1 Codes are listed in ERSA GEN.
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GEN 2.5 RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS
1. Australian radio navigation aids are identified in ERSA Facilities
(FAC) section for each location under the heading NAVIGATION
AIDS. Listings conform to the following sequence:
Aid Ident Frequency Lat/Long Remarks
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GEN 2.6 CONVERSION TABLES
1. Conversion tables are contained in ERSA GEN.
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GEN 2.7 SUNRISE/SUNSET TABLES
1. DAYLIGHT AND DARKNESS GRAPHS
1.1 “Night” is that period between the end of evening civil twilight and
the beginning of morning civil twilight. For all intents and
purposes, first light should be construed as the beginning of civil
twilight, and last light as the end of civil twilight. The terms
“sunrise” and “sunset” have no relevance when calculating
daylight operating times for the VFR pilot.
1.2 To compute the beginning or end of daylight using the graphs
contained in this section:
a. enter the top or bottom of the scale at the appropriate date;
b. move vertically up or down to the curve for the latitude of the
place concerned (interpolating for intermediate latitudes if
necessary);
c. move horizontally to the left or right and read local mean time
on the vertical scale at the side;
d. to convert to UTC, subtract (in E longitudes) from the LMT
obtained, the time increment corresponding to the longitude of
the place concerned in the “Conversion of Arc to Time” table.
e. to convert to EST, add 10 hours to UTC;
f. to convert to CST, add 91/2 hours to UTC;
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